1. 1.What is science? The process by which we seek to understand the natural world

2. 2.What are the steps of the scientific method? Ask a question or State a problem Make observations Form a hypothesis Experiment (test the hypothesis) Draw conclusions Peer Review

3. 3. Give examples of qualitative and quantitative observations. Qualitative: The liquid in the flask changed from blue to clear. Quantitative: The flask contained 150 ml of liquid.

4. 4. Why are good observations important? Good observations lead to forming accurate hypotheses.

5. 5. What is a mineral? A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure and made of a definite chemical composition.

6. 6. How are minerals used? Minerals are used to make most of the substances we use to run our daily life. Look at page 16 in your text and read the chart.

7. 7. How are minerals grouped? Minerals are divided into 2 groups- silicates and nonsilicates 8. What is the basis of those groups? Minerals are grouped by their chemical composition.

8. 9. What are the mineral properties that are used for identification? Luster Streak Hardness Color Cleavage or Fracture Heft Special properties: fizzing, fluorescence, magnetic, smell, etc.

9. 10. Give an example of a mineral that display those properties. Luster- halite: greasy, orthoclase: vitreous, biotite: pearly Streak- hematite: red brown, galena: green black Hardness- talc:1, calcite:3, quartz:7 Color- sulfur:yellow, azurite: blue Cleavage or Fracture- quartz: fracture, muscovite: cleavage Heft: galena, magnetite Special properties:

10. 11. What are some special properties that you observed in the lab? Special properties: fizzing (calcite), fluorescence (fluorite), magnetic (magnetite), smell (sulfur), double image (calcite)

11. 12. What is the Moh’s hardness scale? A method by which geologists determine the hardness of a mineral. It is based on 9 relatively common minerals and diamond- the hardest mineral.

12. 13. What is the softest mineral? Hardest? Talc=1 Diamond=10 Gypsum=2Calcite =3 Fluorite=4Quartz=7 Softest Hardest

13. 14. What is the field test for hardness? What objects are used? A method by which geologists, using common objects, determine the hardness of a mineral. Fingernail =2, Penny=3, Steel Nail =5, Glass=7

14. 15. Explain how you identified minerals in the lab. Using observed characteristics and an identification key you could use the process of elimination to find out an unknown mineral’s name.

15. 16. What’s the difference between precious and semiprecious gemstones? Give some examples of each. Gemstones are nonmetallic minerals that are prized for their beauty and rarity. Precious gemstones like diamonds, rubies, and emeralds are relatively rare and therefore expensive. Semiprecious stones like amethyst, jade, opal, torquoise, or topaz are not as rare and therefore not as valuable.

16. Review your answers to the articles.