1. Grade 9 Science Biology: Reproduction

2. 305-05 Compare factors that may lead to changes in a cell’s genetic information: -Mutations caused by nature -Mutations caused by human Mutations: how they happen and their effects

3.  Mutations are changes in DNA  Usually made _________  They can be useful, harmful or have no effect  _________  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YVo Mutations are…

4.  Certain events can increase the probability of mutation  Radiation: _________  Temperature extremes: _________  Chemical exposure: _________ Environmental causes

5.  Mutations within the genes can happen in different ways  Reversal: _________  Deletion: _________  Duplication: _________  Replacement: _________ Different Kinds of Mutations

6.  _________  Frequently used: cows, sheep, goats and pigs  To make: milk proteins, medicine, blood clotting factors  https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=UqaSi1bYlp0  When we manipulate the genetics of an organism by inserting genes from another  Animals can be used to create large complex proteins for human to use  How it happens:  _________ Transgenics

7. 1.What is a gene? 2.What is a mutation? Why is it important? What can cause it happen? 3.What are some examples of ways chromosomes mutate? 4.Do some research, how can a transgenic organism be used? 5.It is estimated that every human carries between 5 and 8 harmful genes. Why do you think that more people are not born with inherited diseases? Practice Questions 1

8.  The class will be divided into 2 groups  The topic is “Genetically Modified Foods”: Yes or No?  You will need to research what exactly is s Genetically Modifiied food, and find out if it is good or bad for us  Also, find out what modified foods we eat hear in the UAE  (feel free to bring in video aids) Debate!

9. 1.Research the Human Genome Project. What is it? What is it’s purpose? How can it help? 2.Research transgenics: what are some human proteins that can be produced by bacteria? 3.Research transgenics: what are some human proteins that can be produced by cows, sheep or pigs? 4.Why do you think that bacteria is used for some but not for all proteins? Practice Questions 2