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2. Chapter 2 Population

3. Where do people live and why? Density- number of people occupying a particular place –Arithmetic- total # of people divided by the total miles –Physiologic takes the total # of people divided by the total miles of arable (farmable) land

4. Population density map Cartogram- a map that shows a feature by using proportions

5. Distribution- location on the earth where people live –Population is not evenly distributed (most live in cities or near water) –Shown through dot maps where each dot on the map represents a certain # of people

6. World population Distribution and Density –East Asia: China, Japan and Korea ¼ of the world’s population (along Huang He &Yangtze river ¾ of China’s population live in rural areas China’s pop. 1.3 billion World population 6.4 billion

7. South Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh –Live on the coast and Ganges River –Most are farmers –Bangladesh (size of Iowa) population density 3-5 thousand per sq. mile

8. SE Asia- Java, Indonesia, Philippines –Largest concentration is the Indonesian island of Java with 120 million people –Indonesia the 4 th most populated country

9. Europe –Clusters NOT based on water but on industrial resources (coal) –High # of city dwellers –Must rely on imports to have enough food (don't grow enough)

10. North America- Northeast US and Southeast Canada –Megalopolis- large urban area on the way to becoming a “megacity” –Urban dwellers in this area

11. Africa- North Africa and West Africa –Population follows the Nile River

12. Why do populations rise and fall in certain areas? Thomas Malthus- 1798 economist who predicted that population was growing so fast that food production could sustain…starvation imminent –Theory that food grows linear (same amount each year) and people grow exponentially (doubles each year so not the same amount) –Was wrong because food technology evolved –Neo-Malthusians- believe it could still happen

13. Population growth –Doubling time is the number of years it takes of a population to double in size –Population explosion occurs when doubling time is very low –Currently 80 million people ADDED to the world pop. each year –Trends: India will become #1 in pop. China will become #2; Japan shrinking the most –Wealthier countries tend to have smaller pop.

14. Natural increase- births- deaths= natural increase Crude Birth Rate (CBR) number of live births per year for each 1000 people Crude death rate (CDR) number of deaths per year for each 1000 people Carrying Capacity- how many people your land/resources can support

15. Demographic Transition Model 4 stages of growth a country grows to when becoming modern Stage 1: Low growth stage- lots of births and lots of deaths, ver little population growth –Most primitive stage of growth (cavemen?)

16. Stage 2 –High Growth Stage- lots of births, but death rates improve so there is some slow growth of the population

17. Stage 3- Moderate Growth Stage- birth rate lowers and the death rate continues to improve creating a growth in the population

18. Stage 4- Low growth stage- birthrates are low, death rates are low and population growth has leveled off –Stationary population growth- death rates and birth rates are the same (no growth)

19. Countries go through cycles at different speeds. Very few countries have completed the model Between stage 2 & 3 is the major shift from primitive to modern society

20. Why does population Composition matter? Population composition- number of men and women and their age Population pyramids represent the age and sex ratio of an area (males on the left females on the right)

21. Developing countries look like a triangle with a large population of children (high CBR) and a large amount of deaths (CDR)

22. Developed countries look more like a vase shape with a moderate birth rate and a low death rate

23. Countries with a shrinking population look like an inverted (upside down) triangle with a low birth rate and high elderly rate

24. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) children who die before their first birthday Child mortality rate( CMR) deaths of children between the ages 1-5 Life expectancy number of years on average a person will live –Women typically outlive men

25. Population and AIDS 1980 200,000 infected worldwide; 2004 37 million infected –67% in Sub-Saharan Africa Lack of education, lack of medicine, lack of preventive measures for spreading AIDS Shrinks the population pyramid in the middle leaving orphans and elderly

26. How do governments change population? Expansive policies- encourage large families (used in communist countries in the mid 1900s to build an army) –Used today in countries with a declining population –Can encourage growth through incentives like money or time off work, advertisements, TV programming

27. Restrictive population policies- attempts to shrink the population through various means –India had incentives for male sterilization (“guns for sterilization”) –China- one child policy uses tax breaks, monetary incentives and monetary punishments to shrink their population

28. Eugenic population policies- policies that favor a particular group of people )Nazi Germany)