1. United States, Great Britain, France, USSR/Soviet Union Germany, Italy, Japan Allied Powers Axis Powers WORLD WAR II

2. Big Enemies: 1. Hitler and the Nazis 2. Mussolini and the Italians Big Enemy: Prime Minister Tojo and the Japanese EuropePacific TWO-FRONT WAR US had to fight in two places: Europe and the Pacific Ocean

3. 1. Analyze how the United States and the Allies went about defeating two different enemies in two different places during World War II. 2. Analyze the outcomes of World War II. TODAY’S OBJECTIVES

4. ALLIES’ GOAL IN EUROPE: Defeat Hitler and the Nazis, free France from the Germans

5. How will we do this??? ALLIES’ GOAL IN EUROPE: Defeat Hitler and the Nazis, free France from the Germans

6. The US and the Allies decide to invade France in the largest amphibious (sea) invasion in the history of the world D-DAY: OPERATION OVERLORD

7. Between combined Allied forces nearly 156,000 troops on or supported by nearly 4,000 ships crossed the English Channel landing the troops on five beaches in Normandy. D-DAY-June 5, 1944 OPERATION OVERLORD The beaches were stormed early that morning supported by about 23,000 airborne troops that had already landed behind enemy lines or getting ready to land in support of the beach assault.

8. Supreme Commander of the Allied forces at Normandy for Operation Overlord General Dwight D. Eisenhower

9. D-DAY OPERATION OVERLORD 12,000 CASUALTIES (killed/wounded)

10. The Allies pinched the Nazi army in the middle of Europe, the American and British forces coming from the West and USSR (Soviet Union) coming from the East. Allied victory in Europe

11. Hitler killed himself in an underground bunker Nazis are defeated

12. Two down… one to go Japan

13. Mussolini was executed by a firing squad Italians are defeated

14. Leaders of the US, Britain and USSR all met to decide what to do about the defeated Nazis and war- torn Europe, and what to do about Japan. They decided… 1.Nazi leaders had to stand trial for war crimes. 2.Japan must surrender unconditionally. This was called the Potsdam Declaration. The Big Three 1.Harry Truman (United States) 2.Clement Atlee (Great Britain) 3.Joseph Stalin (USSR/Soviet Union) POTSDAM CONFERENCE JULY 1945

15. The US demanded the unconditional surrender of Japan, or it would face “prompt and utter destruction.” This was an ultimatum: if you don’t obey, it’s over with… President Harry Truman POTSDAM DECLARATION

16. The US had been secretly building atomic weapons in a program known as the Manhattan Project. It was led by a scientist named Robert Oppenheimer Manhattan Project Robert Oppenheimer US ATOMIC BOMB PLANS The Manhattan Project

17. According to Japanese tradition under the Bushido Code, it was sinful and not allowed for a Japanese warrior to surrender under any circumstances. This came from ancient Samurai tradition. They would kill themselves instead of surrendering. They could not bear the shame of defeat. JAPANESE BUSHIDO CODE

18. Do you think Japan surrendered and gave in to the Potsdam Declaration’s ultimatum?... JAPANESE BUSHIDO CODE

19. JAPAN WILL FIGHT UNTIL THE END Japan is willing to fight to the bitter end as an underdog. Surrender is not an option for Japan.

20. The US dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki AMERICAN RESPONSE

21. HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

23. Why would President Truman use the bomb on these two Japanese cities, which resulted in the deaths of so many non- combatant Japanese citizens? President Harry Truman TRUMAN’S DILEMMA

24. SAVING LIVES BY USING THE BOMB Non-combatants were dying throughout Asia at the rate of 200,000 per month. A naval blockade of Japan would have resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths due to malnutrition, dehydration, and famine. The atomic bomb saved thousands of American soldier’s lives (because they didn’t have to invade the Japanese island)

25. INVADING JAPAN? If America did invade Japan, many Americans would have died. Secretary of State James Byrnes claimed 500,000 US soldiers would have died.

26. THE JAPANESE SURRENDER The Japanese surrendered on September 2, 1945. Japan agreed to a ceasefire and the release of POW’s.

27. US sends aid to Europe to help them rebuild the continent. US wants to help out European countries before the USSR gets to. US doesn’t want those countries to accept communism as their political system. International organization designed to prevent global conflict. This was the replacement for the League of Nations after WWI. This time around, the US would join the United Nations instead of staying out like they did with the League of Nations. Marshall PlanUnited Nations RESULTS OF WORLD WAR II

28. Gave loans to returning WWII veterans so they could… 1.Go to college 2.Get other job training 3.Buy homes 4.Start businesses or farms GI Bill RESULTS OF WORLD WAR II