1. The Sick Man of Europe The Ottomans vs. Russia
AP Euro 13.1

3. “Sick Man of Europe” Ottoman Empire falling apart from the edges
Serbia autonomous
Greece wins independence
Romania self governing
French take Algeria

4. Crimean War (1854-1856) Turkey wins….kinda
France and Great Britain determine the outcome
Turks realize they must reform like the west

5. Turkish Reform “Hatt-i Humayun” 1856 Abdul Aziz (1861-1876)
Far reaching reform movement
Create equality and civil liberties like the west
Newspapers, western democratic ideas
Abdul Aziz ( )
Begins modernization
Travels to Europe

6. Results of Reform Total Failure
Not enough skilled and educated Turks to reform society as a whole
Aziz removed

7. Abdul Hamid II made Sultan (1876-1909)
1876 Promises more freedom and more liberty

8. Gets rid of the Constitution!
Progress!
Yes!
One year later...
Gets rid of Parliament!
Gets rid of the Constitution!

9. Pan -Slavism

10. Pan Slavism Belief in a common culture, heritage, and folklore.
Wanted their freedom from oppressors
Ottomans
Austria Hungary
Dominated by the Russians but included:
Serbia
Bulgaria (1876 fighting begins v. Ottomans)
Romania
Slovenia
Croatia
Bosnia (1875 fighting begins v. Ottomans)
Herzegovina

11. Russo – Turkish War (1877-1878) Want to control the Balkans
Take back lost territory from Crimean War
Reestablish stronghold in the Black Sea

12. Treaty of San Stefano Ottomans basically give up
Almost all of the Balkans gain their autonomy or national independence
Batum and Kars to Russia
Serbia and Romania independent
Prince Alexander M. Gorchakov

13. Great Britain Not happy campers! Suez Canal was vital
Located in Ottoman territory
Not willing to have Russia in control of the Ottomans

14. The “Honest Broker” Otto von Bismark Congress of Berlin (1878)
Russians agree to give up Treaty of San Stefano
Tried to give a little something to everyone

15. Congress of Berlin 1878 Ottoman Empire gets carved up
Russia keeps Batum and Kars
Russia gives in to Bulgarian changes
Austria gets Bosnia
British get Cypress
Germany gets nothing