1. Chapter 10 Chemical Compounds

2. Ch 10 Sec 1: Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Vocabulary ionic compound covalent compound

3. Ionic Compounds Ionic compound formed from ionic bonds
Formed from metal and non-metal

4. Ionic Compounds Properties Brittleness
Due to crystal lattice structure

5. Ionic Compounds Properties High melting points Due to strong bonds
Ionic compounds solid at room temp

6. Ionic Compounds Properties Solubility and Electrical Conductivity
Ions of the compound want to bond with water, so they break apart
Since positive and negative ions are in water, the water solution conducts electricity now.

8. Covalent Compounds Formed from covalent bonds
Non-metal and non-metal bonding together
Sharing valence electrons

9. Covalent Compounds Properties Most are not soluble in water
Oil and water

10. Covalent Compounds Properties Low melting points
Weaker bonds, so easier to break

11. Covalent Compounds Properties Electrical Conductivity
Most are NOT conductive
Some do form ions when dissolved in water

12. Ch 10 Sec 2: Acids and Bases
Vocabulary
acid
indicator
base

13. Acids and their Properties
Sour taste
Changes the color of indicators
Litmus test paper
Bromthmol blue
Litmus = standard to judge against
React with metals

14. Acids and their Properties
Conducts electric Current
Breaks apart in water
Forms ions
Ions have charges

15. Acids and their Properties
Uses of Acids
Sulfuric acid: paper, paint, detergent, fertilizers
Nitric acid: fertilizer, rubber, plastic
Hydrochloric acid: swimming pool cleaner, separates metals
Citric acid: juices and soda
Acetic acid: vinegar

16. Bases and their Properties
Bases have….
bitter taste
Slippery feel
Conduct electricity

17. Bases and their properties
Change color of an indicator
Base: Red paper  blue

18. Bases and Their Properties
Uses of Bases
Soap and most cleaners
Paper
Drain cleaner
Bleach
toothpaste
Antacids

19. Ch 10 Sec 3: Solutions of acid & bases
Vocabulary neutralization reaction pH salt

20. Strengths of Acids and Bases
Strong Versus Weak Acid
Strength refers to number of molecules that break apart when dissolved in water
Strong acids break apart more than weak acids
Forms H⁺ ion
Strong bases break apart more than weak bases
Forms OH⁻ ion

21. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
Reaction between acid and base is a neutralization reaction
Water and salt is formed

22. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
pH Scale
potential of hydronium ion ( acid )
1 to 6.9 = acid
7 = neutral
7.1 to 14 = base

23. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
pH affects the environment
some plants need acid (pine trees)
Some plants need basic soil (lettuce)
Most water animals need neutral pH
Acid rain has pH of

24. Salts By product of acid/base reaction
Salt = positive ions from a metal with negative ions from a non metal