1. General Properties Indicators Neutralization Reactions
Intro to Acids & Bases
General Properties
Indicators
Neutralization Reactions

2. Objectives
8.3.1) Describe what determines if a substance is an acid or a base
8.3.2) List the general properties of acids
8.3.3) List the general properties of bases

3. Objectives
8.3.4) Describe an indicator
8.3.5) Describe a neutralization reaction, including the reactants and products

4. A compound that produces hydronium ions (H3O+) when dissolved in water
Acids
A compound that produces hydronium ions (H3O+) when dissolved in water
Ex: HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl-
Common Acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric Acid (HNO3), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

5. General Properties of Acids
Sour Taste
Ex: Citric Acid (citrus fruits), Acetic Acid (vinegar)
Reacts with metals
to produce H2 gas)
Produces certain color changes in indicators
blue litmus → red

6. A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
Bases
A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
Ex: NaOH → Na+ + OH-
Common Bases:
Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2; Sodium Hydroxide NaOH; Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2

7. General Properties of Bases
Bitter Taste
Ex: Chocolate w/o sugar contains the base theobromine
Slippery Feel (soap)
Produces certain color changes in indicators
red litmus → blue

8. Indicators
Any substance that will change colors based on different conditions, especially in the presence of acids or bases
Examples: litmus paper, phenolphthalein

9. Neutralization Reactions
Chemical reaction between an acid and a base
The negative ions (anions) from the acid combine with the positive ions from the base (cations) to form an ionic compound called a salt
Second product is water

10. Neutralization Reactions
HCl + NaOH →
HCl + NaOH → HOH + NaCl
HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 → ?
HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 → Mg(NO3)2 +H2O
H2SO4 + LiOH → ?
H2SO4 + LiOH → Li2SO4 + H2O