1. Unit 3: VCE History 1917 to 1924

2. Unwelcome Democracy Cause Promise of elections Lenin demanded control Continuity or Change? Dismissal of assembly/duma Lenin had a vision Analysis Bolsheviks represent proletariat. Democratic Centralism

3. Civil War Cause Treaty of Brest- Litovsk War at home and abroad Continuity or Change? Lenin dismissed assembly Revolution was divided Terror was stronger Analysis Lenin established Bolshevik unity Trotsky led the military War Communism

4. Economic Breakdown Cause Constant war and economic policies caused Civil War Different to and worse than 1891 famine Continuity or Change? Both peasants and proletariat worse under War Communism NEP improved outlook but was it communism? Analysis War communism was both a failure economically and ideologically Comprise of NEP needed but at a cost

5. Internal Dissent Cause Criticisms from within (Zinoviev and Kamenev) Opposed treaty and lack of democracy Kronstadt Continuity or Change? Internal dissent remained in Political Will Still a change from Tsarism, though terror was worse Analysis Lenin’s attempts to unite were unsuccessful NEP debated by left- wing idealists Imposed from above

6. Analysis Activity 1 1)I would argue for ruthless and self-confident but against fanatical. This was a thoughtfully planned takeover with longer term ambitions. 2)We will never know. Certainly the circumstances that allowed power to be gained made it very difficult for the ideal of communism to develop freely. 3)I wouldn’t agree with the takeover as being ‘criminal’ (it was dodgy but that’s politics!). However the terror used to maintain power and the famine caused by poor economic policies can be seen as an atrocity (arguably).

7. Analysis Activity 2 1) The Hammer and Sickle represents the peasants and the industrial workers. The red flag represents the Soviet. ‘CCCP’ represents the Council of People’s Commissar's (Sovnarkom). The book may represent the Communist Manifesto. The varied members of the working class represents the ‘friendship of peoples’. 2)That it is moving forward, there are sunny days ahead with everyone working together towards a better, communist USSR. 3)It represents the peasantry, the true victims of War Communism as their food was requisitioned and many died from famine. 4)That it was desperate and poor, the man is frail and starving. http://riowang.blogspot.com.au/2011/12/for-birthday.html

8. SCAMPER STrotsky disagreed with the NEP. Would he have continued with the failed war communism policies? I don’t think so… CI think that it would have faced considerable challenges following the war (think Weimar Germany). Yes, the political and social freedoms would have been granted but would economic stability have been possible? ADisaster MHe would have lost control and the civil war may well have continued for an even longer period. By gaining control and then making compromises he was able to stop civil war but at the cost of pure communism. PI think that they were a unified political power who would have had a strong influence. However, was a leader like Lenin ever likely to be a team player? EEvery possibility of a return to the old system. Yes, the social revolutionaries were a big part of the ‘Whites’ (and opposed to tsarism) but the leaders were the tsars generals. What if they had won? RHard to tell. The Kaiser may have supported a return to tsarism (even after his differences with Nicky) or even seen a weakness and invaded. They may have shown loyalty to Lenin and helped him to stay in power.