1. Clinical Medical Assisting
Chapter 12: Muscular and Skeletal Systems

2. Objectives
Identify combining word forms of the muscular system and their role in the formation of medical terms
Define the structures and functions of the muscular system
List abbreviations related to the muscular system
Identify combining word forms of the skeletal system and their role in the formation of medical terms
Define the structures and functions of the skeletal system

3. Objectives (con’t) List abbreviations related to the skeletal system
Define rehabilitation medicine and explain its importance in patient care
Discuss the importance of correct posture and body mechanics and demonstrate how to safely transfer patients and lift or move heavy objects using proper body mechanics
Describe safety precautions and techniques used when helping a patient to ambulate and demonstrate how to assist the patient to safely stand and walk

4. Chapter Overview
The muscular and skeletal systems (known collectively as the musculoskeletal system) include bones, joints, muscles, and surrounding tissues that support and move the body. The 206 bones of the adult human body that make up the skeletal system provide structure and protection for the body’s organs and are the points of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The muscular system, including more than 600 muscles, tendons, and ligaments, coordinates the body’s movements. The muscular system also gives the body shape and form.

5. Structure and Function of the Muscular and Skeletal Systems
Bones make up the skeleton, which is the body’s frame and provides protection to internal organs.

6. Bones
Each bone in the human body is a unique organ, with its own blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic system.

7. Joints
A joint is the point at which two or more bones meet.

8. Muscles
Muscle activity determines physical function

9. Diseases and Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal Systems
Disorders of the muscular and skeletal systems vary in presentation, amount of pain, and level of care required.

10. Bursitis and Tendonitis
Tendonitis is an inflammation of a tendon.

11. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
A set of symptoms that occurs among people who use their hands on a regular basis.

12. Bursitis and Tendonitis
Bursitis is a painful inflammation of the bursa.

13. Dislocation
Displacement of a bone at a joint

14. Epicondylitis
An inflammation of the forearm extensor tendon at its attachment to the humerus

15. Fibromyalgia
Characterized by diffuse, widespread pain

16. Fracture
A disruption of the continuity of the bone

17. Gout
An accumulation of uric acid

18. Hallux Valgus
Lateral deviation of the big toe, accompanied by the enlargement of the first metatarsal head

19. Herniated Disk
Occurs when the gel inside the vertebral discs of the spine is forced outside the disc

20. Kyphosis
Abnormal bowing or rounding of the upper back

21. Lordosis
Abnormal convex curvature of the low back

22. Scoliosis
A sideways or lateral curvature of the spine

23. Osteoarthritis
The most common type of joint inflammation

24. Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
The bone-remodeling process is affected by age