1. DENTAL INSTRUMENTS DR. HICHAM NUAIMI BDS, PGDIP IN RESTORATIVE PGDIP IN IMPLANTOLOGY MCLIN IN OPERATIVE AND ESTHETIC

2. MOST HAND INSTRUMENTS WERE INVENTED IN 19 TH CENTURY WITH Large heavy handles inferior metal alloys

3. Ancient handled instruments were palm grasping Modern ones are pen grasping

4. credited with the first acceptable nomenclature for and classification of hand instruments developed many of the instruments and techniques first who modify Blacks instrumentation

5. developed Wedelstaedt chisel now referred to as curved chisel developed a new set of instruments called ferrier set which were more refined and had uniform thickness on the cutting edge invented pneumatic condenser

6. MATERIALS USED IN INSTRUMENT stelitte Stainless steel Carbon steel

7. MarzoukBlack CharbenauPickard Classification

8. BLACK CLASSIFICATION Dental Instrument Cutting Edge Knives carvers files, scalers Excavators ordinary hatchet hoes spoons Non- cutting edge Amalgam condensar Mirrors Probes

9. SCALERS

10. DENTAL FILES

11. Hoes Carvers

12. HATCHETS

13. CONDENSER

14. DENTAL KNIFES

15. MIRRORS

16. DENTAL PROBES

17. PICKARD CLASSIFICATION Dental Materials HAND-HELD Placing & condensing Carving & finishing Scaling scalers AUXILLIARY Fibreoptic lights for illumination Lights used for polymerization ROTARYUltrasonic scalers

18. FIBRO OPTIC DEVICE

19. FIBRO OPTIC LIGHT CURE

20. ULTRA SONIC SCALER

21. Charbenau’s Classification Condensing instruments Cutting instruments Finishing & polishing instruments Isolation instruments

22. Cutting Hand: hatchets, chisels, hoes, excavators Rotary: burs, stones, disks Condensing Hand & mechanical: plugger Finishing polishing Hand: orange wood sticks polishing points Rotary: finishing burs, mounted brushes,

23. POLISHING DISCS

25. POLISHING POINTS

26. FINISHING BURS

27. WEDGES

28. PLUGGER

29. SPOON EXCAVATOR

31. RUBBER DAM

33. LAB SPATULA

34. SPATULA

35. CARVER (GOLD INSTRUMENT)

36. CARVERS

37. PARTS OF HAND INSTRUMENT Bladeshankhandle

39. Blade- is the part of the instrument bearing the cutting edge Shank- connects the shaft with the blade or working point or nib. Shaft- used as a handle, straight and is usually without variations in size. It maybe serrated to increase friction for hand gripping.

40. Thank You.