1. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Chapter 34 Dental Hand Instruments Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA) All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher. PowerPoint ® presentation slides may be displayed and may be reproduced in print form for instructional purposes only, provided a proper copyright notice appears on the last page of each print-out. Produced in the United States of America ISBN 0-7216-9770-4

2. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Introduction A wide variety of dental instruments are used in dentistry today.

3. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Referred to by: Name Assigned number  Black’s instrument formula Describes the angulation. Describes the dimensions.  Referred to by: Name Assigned number  Black’s instrument formula Describes the angulation. Describes the dimensions. Identifying Hand Instruments

4. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Handle Portion of the instrument where the operator grasps.  Shank Part of the instrument that attaches the working end to the handle.  Working end Portion of the instrument with a specific function.  Handle Portion of the instrument where the operator grasps.  Shank Part of the instrument that attaches the working end to the handle.  Working end Portion of the instrument with a specific function. Hand Instrument Design

5. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Four categories Examination Hand-cutting Restorative Accessory  Four categories Examination Hand-cutting Restorative Accessory Classification of Instruments

6. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Allow the operator to thoroughly examine the health status of the oral cavity.  Mouth mirror Indirect vision Light reflection Retraction Tissue protection  Allow the operator to thoroughly examine the health status of the oral cavity.  Mouth mirror Indirect vision Light reflection Retraction Tissue protection Examination Instruments

7. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Explorer Distinguish areas of calculus. Distinguish decay. Distinguish areas of discrepancies on teeth.  Cotton Pliers Carry, retrieve and place small objects. Locking Non-locking  Explorer Distinguish areas of calculus. Distinguish decay. Distinguish areas of discrepancies on teeth.  Cotton Pliers Carry, retrieve and place small objects. Locking Non-locking Examination Instruments  cont’d

8. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Periodontal probe Measure the sulcus or pocket depth of the periodontium.  Articulating paper and holder Carbon paper held in place by a holder used to check a patient’s “bite.”  Periodontal probe Measure the sulcus or pocket depth of the periodontium.  Articulating paper and holder Carbon paper held in place by a holder used to check a patient’s “bite.” Examination Instruments  cont’d

9. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Allow the operator to manually remove decay, as well as smooth, finish, and prepare tooth structure to be restored back to its normal function.  Excavator is used for the removal of soft dentin, debris, and decay from the tooth. Spoon excavator Black spoon  Allow the operator to manually remove decay, as well as smooth, finish, and prepare tooth structure to be restored back to its normal function.  Excavator is used for the removal of soft dentin, debris, and decay from the tooth. Spoon excavator Black spoon Handcutting Instruments

10. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Hoe Used to plane the walls and floors of the tooth preparation.  Chisel Used to cut the enamel margin of the tooth preparation, form sharp lines, point angles, and place retention grooves. Straight chisel Bin-angle chisel Wedelstaedt chisel Angle former  Hoe Used to plane the walls and floors of the tooth preparation.  Chisel Used to cut the enamel margin of the tooth preparation, form sharp lines, point angles, and place retention grooves. Straight chisel Bin-angle chisel Wedelstaedt chisel Angle former Handcutting Instruments  cont’d

11. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Hatchet Used for cutting enamel, and to smooth the walls and floors of the tooth preparation.  Gingival margin trimmer Used to cut enamel and place bevels along the gingival enamel margins of the preparation.  Hatchet Used for cutting enamel, and to smooth the walls and floors of the tooth preparation.  Gingival margin trimmer Used to cut enamel and place bevels along the gingival enamel margins of the preparation. Handcutting Instruments  cont’d

12. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Allow the operator to place, condense, and carve a dental material to the original anatomy of the tooth structure.  Amalgam carrier A double-ended instrument designed with wells on either end to pack the freshly mixed amalgam in and carry it to the prepared tooth.  Allow the operator to place, condense, and carve a dental material to the original anatomy of the tooth structure.  Amalgam carrier A double-ended instrument designed with wells on either end to pack the freshly mixed amalgam in and carry it to the prepared tooth. Restorative Instruments

13. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Condenser Used to condense the freshly placed amalgam into the preparation. Smooth Serrated  Burnisher Used to smooth the surface of the freshly placed amalgam restoration. Egg-shaped Football T-shaped Beaver tail  Condenser Used to condense the freshly placed amalgam into the preparation. Smooth Serrated  Burnisher Used to smooth the surface of the freshly placed amalgam restoration. Egg-shaped Football T-shaped Beaver tail Restorative Instruments  cont’d

14. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Carvers Used to remove excess material, contour surfaces, and carve anatomy back into the amalgam or intermediate restoration before it hardens. Discoid/Cleoid Hollenback  Amalgam knife Used for the removal of excess restorative material along the margin where the material and tooth structure meet; most commonly interproximal.  Carvers Used to remove excess material, contour surfaces, and carve anatomy back into the amalgam or intermediate restoration before it hardens. Discoid/Cleoid Hollenback  Amalgam knife Used for the removal of excess restorative material along the margin where the material and tooth structure meet; most commonly interproximal. Restorative Instruments  cont’d

15. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Composite placement instrument Designed specifically for the placement of composite restorative materials. Anodized aluminum Teflon  Plastic instrument Instrument with a paddle shape that is used for carrying dental materials to the prepared tooth structure; on the other end is a nib, which resembles a condenser.  Composite placement instrument Designed specifically for the placement of composite restorative materials. Anodized aluminum Teflon  Plastic instrument Instrument with a paddle shape that is used for carrying dental materials to the prepared tooth structure; on the other end is a nib, which resembles a condenser. Restorative Instruments  cont’d

16. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Miscellaneous instruments that may be needed for many uses to complete a procedure.  Spatulas Used for most every procedure when a dental material is involved. Cement spatulas Impression material spatulas  Miscellaneous instruments that may be needed for many uses to complete a procedure.  Spatulas Used for most every procedure when a dental material is involved. Cement spatulas Impression material spatulas Accessory Instruments

17. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Scissors Used for cutting dental dam material, retraction cord, and stainless steel crowns. Crown and bridge scissors  Dappen Dish Hold certain liquid dental materials during a procedure.  Scissors Used for cutting dental dam material, retraction cord, and stainless steel crowns. Crown and bridge scissors  Dappen Dish Hold certain liquid dental materials during a procedure. Accessory Instruments  cont’d

18. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Amalgam well Where the newly mixed amalgam is placed and retrieved from.  Howe Pliers Also referred to as 110 pliers. Useful for holding items, for carrying cotton products to and from the oral cavity, removing the matrix band, and placing and removing the wedge.  Amalgam well Where the newly mixed amalgam is placed and retrieved from.  Howe Pliers Also referred to as 110 pliers. Useful for holding items, for carrying cotton products to and from the oral cavity, removing the matrix band, and placing and removing the wedge. Accessory Instruments  cont’d

19. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Hand instruments and related accessories for a given procedure are prepared, stored, and transported together.  Exam  Amalgam  Composite  Crown and Bridge  Endodontic  Surgical  Hand instruments and related accessories for a given procedure are prepared, stored, and transported together.  Exam  Amalgam  Composite  Crown and Bridge  Endodontic  Surgical Preset Cassettes

20. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Criteria  Instruments set-up from left to right Basic set-up Additional examination instruments Handcutting instruments Restorative instruments Accessory items  Criteria  Instruments set-up from left to right Basic set-up Additional examination instruments Handcutting instruments Restorative instruments Accessory items Instrument Sequence on a Tray

21. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Organization Instruments with bands of same color. Tray of the same color. Tub with dental materials of the same color.  Organization Instruments with bands of same color. Tray of the same color. Tub with dental materials of the same color. Color Coding of Instruments