1. The structure and function of the respiratory system.

2. Aims of the seminar
To recap on the next assignment (the cardiovascular system).
To introduce the functions of the respiratory system.
To introduce the structure of the respiratory system.
To explain and discuss the gaseous exchange during inhalation and exhalation.

3. So what is the respiratory system????
The respiratory system includes everything we use to breath and supply our bodies with oxygen.
Oxygen is then transferred into the blood
We breath air into
Our lungs
Blood then takes the blood around the body supplying vital organs and limbs with oxygen

4. You need to know where the air goes on the way to the alveoli

5. The trachea
Air passes through the nose or mouth and then moves onto the (trachea)
It is commonly known as the ‘wind pipe’.

6. The Bronchi The trachea splits into two tubes called bronchi.
Each tube is called a bronchus and join up to the lungs.

7. Bronchioles
The bronchi split into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles.

8. Alveoli
The bronchioles finally end at small bags called alveoli (each one is a alveolus).
This is where gas exchange takes place.

9. The area inside the chest containing the lungs, heart and all the other valves is called the ‘chest cavity’.

10. Gaseous exchange This happens in the alveoli.
CO2 moves from the blood into the alveoli.
O2 moves across to the red blood cells. (red blood cells contain haemoglobin, when combined with O2 it makes oxyhaemoglobin).
The red blood cells carry the O2 around the body to deliver it where it is needed. At the same time the blood collects CO2 to be taken back to the lungs to be exhaled.

11. So what helps us breath??
During inspiration, the intercostals muscles and the diaphragm contract and the ribs move upwards and outwards making the chest cavity larger.
Air is pushed into the lungs by the air pressure outside.

12. So what helps us breath??
During expiration the intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax to make the chest cavity smaller
The lungs are squeezed and air is forced out.

13. Overview of the respiratory system.
Overview of the respiratory system.

14. Different types of lung capacity
Tidal volume:
Is the amount of air you breath in or out with each breath
Inspiratory capacity:
is the most air you can breath in after breathing out normally.
Expiratory reserve volume:
Is the most air you could force out after breathing out normally
Vital Capacity:
Is the most air you could possible breath in or out in one go.
Residual Volume
Is the amount of air left in your lungs after you’ve breathed out as much as possible.

15. Exercise increases your oxygen uptake.
As you exercise your body needs more oxygen to make the muscles work.
To achieve this you:
Breath more quickly
Your heart beats faster (so the red blood cells travel faster and deliver more oxygen)
This means that your O2 consumption increases.
This is measured by your VO2 which is basically the volume of oxygen you body uses in one minute.
The maximum it reaches is called your VO2max. The fitter your are, the higher this is.

16. Warm-up questions
What does the body need in order to function CO2, O2 or methane?
Which blood cells carry O2 around the body?
What does your VO2 max measure?
What is another word for your wind pipe?
Where does the gaseous exchange take place?

17. Next seminar Collate all assignments over due.
Introduce exercise effects on the respiratory system.