1. Prepared by Kadir Gul EMU CSIT 362 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Lecturer HUSEYIN GURSEV

2. A collection of individuals, the members accept a common task, become interdependent in their performance, and interact with one another to promote its accomplishment. Definition of a Group

3. Three views :  Normative views describes how a group is to be organized and how its activities are to be carried out.  Group dynamics consists of a set of techniques.  Regarding internal nature of groups The Nature of groups

4.  Theory of Propinquity- People associate with one another due to geographical proximity.  Balance Theory- People who have similar attitudes toward certain objects and goals tend to form a group.  Exchange Theory- The reward-cost outcomes of interactions serve as the basis for group formation Dynamics of Group Formation

5. Security Status Self-esteem Affiliation Power Goal Achievement

6.  Small groups  Large groups  Primary groups  Secondary groups  Coalitions  Membership groups  Reference groups  Command groups  Task groups  Friendship groups  Interest groups Various Types of Groups

8. Basic Comparison of Formal and Informal Groups

9. Officially designated to serve a specific organizational purpose. May be permanent or temporary. Permanent work groups are command groups in the vertical organization structure. Temporary work groups are task groups specifically created to solve a problem or perform a a defined task. Formal Groups Virtual groups. Groups whose members convene and work together electronically via networked computers. Activities are facilitated by groupware. Can accomplish the same things as members of face-to-face groups.

10.  These groups are formed by the organization to carry out specific tasks. It includes two types:  Command group  Task groups Formal Groups

11. Groups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager. Command Group: Groups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of individuals who report directly to a given manager. Command Group;  Represented in the organization chart.  Permanent in nature.  Members report to common supervisors.  Functional reporting relationship exists. Formal Groups

12. Groups composed of individuals brought together to complete a specific job task; their existence is often temporary because once the task is completed, the group disbands. TASK Group: Groups composed of individuals brought together to complete a specific job task; their existence is often temporary because once the task is completed, the group disbands. Task groups;  Formed to carry out specific tasks.  Temporary in nature. Formal Groups

13.  Leader’s behavior has a significant impact on the group behavior and performance  Style of a leader is imitated by the members of the group. Formal Leadership

14.  Leadership that is imposed on the group by the organization.  Leaders who derive their power from the positions they occupy in the organizational structure.  Formal leaders may or may not also be the informal leaders of the groups in which they function. Formal Leadership

15. Although group dynamics is generally associated with informal norms and roles, formally designated work groups also have noticeable dynamics. Example: Committee Dynamics of formal work Groups

16. The five-Stage Model: Adjourning/Mourning Completion, ending or evolution Performing Achieving the purpose Norming Agreeing purpose and conduct Storming Resolving differences Forming Initial meeting together Stages of Group Development

17.  It helps shape the behavior of its members, predict the behavior and guide the performance of the group as a whole. Group Structure

18. Groups of 5-7 members exercise the best elements of both small and large groups.  Social Loafing - The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. Size of a Group

19.  The effectiveness of a group is influenced by the complexity and the interdependence of the task to be performed by its members.  Large groups facilitate pooling of information e.g. addition of a diverse perspective to a problem-solving committee. Group Tasks

20.  The processes that go on within a work group e.g. communication patterns, group decision processes, leader behaviour, power dynamics, conflict interactions etc.  Synergy.  Social facilitation effect. Group Processes