1. Surviving & Thriving in the Workplace - Motivation Chapter 12

2. Motivating People in the Workplace Achievement Motivation – the desire to attain a high degree of excellence in one’s life pursuits Fairly stable over time and situations Can be influenced by the situation Praise people for “working hard” and not for “being smart”

3. Motivating People in the Workplace Intrinsic motivation – the desire to engage in something for the internal rewards that it brings Mastery goals – focus on improving one’s level of skill or competence at a task (no failure) Extrinsic motivation – driven by the pursuit of external rewards or the avoidance of external punishment (e.g., money, praise, recognition) Performance goals – focus on a specific level of achievement or winning a competition

4. Motivating People in the Workplace Fostering intrinsic motivation Use Rewards Wisely The Art and Science of Goal-setting Adapt to the Needs of the Environment

5. Motivating People in the Workplace Fostering intrinsic motivation Use Rewards Wisely Informational rewards let a person know that he/she has done well Control-based rewards are offered in advance to control behavior

6. Motivating People in the Workplace Fostering Intrinsic Motivation The Art and Science of Goal-setting Goals must be specific Goals must be challenging, but achievable Goals should be framed in positive terms (approach goals), not what you want to avoid

7. Motivating People in the Workplace Adapt to the Needs of the Environment Let collaborators collaborate (teams) Let independent workers be independent. Publicly recognize those motivated by recognition. Let those with mastery goals have challenges.

8. The Role of Work in a Meaningful Life Core Work Values Conservatism vs. autonomy Conservatism is maintaining the status quo and keeping group relations stable. It goes with social order, respect for tradition, family security & wisdom. Autonomy is pursuing individual freedoms and openness to change. It goes with curiosity, creativity, broadmindedness, pleasure, & a varied & exciting life.

9. The Role of Work in a Meaningful Life Core Work Values Hierarchy vs. egalitarianism Hierarchy is the belief that socially responsible behavior involves respecting status differences and adhering to rules. It is linked to the values of social power, authority, humility and wealth. Egalitarianism represents the belief that socially responsible behavior involves respecting each individual as an equal. It is linked to equality, social justice, freedom, responsibility and honesty.

10. The Role of Work in a Meaningful Life Core Work Values Mastery vs. harmony Mastery is the belief that humans should seek to control whatever they can. Mastery values are ambition, success, daring, and competence. Harmony is the perspective that humans should try to fit into the environment without changing it. Harmony values are unity with nature, protecting the environment, and a world of beauty.

11. Applying Cultural Values to Work Work Centrality – the significance of work in a person’s life Expect higher work centrality to be found in cultures that place a high value on mastery and hierarchy. Societal Norms about Work – Is work a meaningful entitlement (intellectualism & egalitarian autonomy) or a social obligation (hierarchy)? Individual Motivations – Cultures valuing autonomy expected to see intrinsic. Cultures valuing conservatism and hierarchy to see extrinsic.