2. Growth of Trade Goods from Orient Goods from Orient –Cinnamon –Pepper –Cloves and spices –Perfumes –Silks –Precious Stones Became harder to get these goods from Asia- one reason was because the Mongol Empire collapsed Became harder to get these goods from Asia- one reason was because the Mongol Empire collapsed

3. Technology’s Impact More accurate maps More accurate maps –Ocean currents –Lines of latitude : measured position of stars Astrolabe: measured position of stars Compass Compass Caravel: 3-masted ship Caravel: 3-masted ship –Sailed faster –More cargo room –Shallower waters

4. Causes and Effects of European Exploration CausesEffects Desire for new trade routes Desire for new trade routes Growing power and wealth in European nations Growing power and wealth in European nations Competition for trade Competition for trade Missionaries’ desire to convert others to Christianity Missionaries’ desire to convert others to Christianity Grown knowledge of other nations Grown knowledge of other nations Europeans/Native Americans clash Europeans/Native Americans clash Enslavement of Africans Enslavement of Africans Rivalry in the Americas grows Rivalry in the Americas grows

5. Portuguese Explorers Searched for a route to Asia around Africa Searched for a route to Asia around Africa –Henry the Navigator (1420) –Bartholomeu Dias (1487) –Vasco da Gama (1497) 1 st to succeed 1 st to succeed

7. Christopher Columbus Planned to reach Asia by sailing West Planned to reach Asia by sailing West –Most people believed the world to be round Spain backs Columbus Spain backs Columbus –King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella –1492 Ships: Pinta, Nina, Santa Maria Ships: Pinta, Nina, Santa Maria Underestimated distance Underestimated distance Reached the West Indies (Caribbean Islands) on Oct 12,1492 Reached the West Indies (Caribbean Islands) on Oct 12,1492 Later expeditions made clear it was new land (Not Asia) Later expeditions made clear it was new land (Not Asia) Claimed land for Spain Claimed land for Spain

8. Amerigo Vespucci 1499 Explorer 1499 Explorer Mapped South America’s coastline Mapped South America’s coastline Confirmed new continent Confirmed new continent Called America in honor of Amerigo Called America in honor of Amerigo

9. Ferdinand Magellan 1519 1519 Sailed around southern tip of South America Sailed around southern tip of South America “Strait of Magellan” “Strait of Magellan” Reached Asia Reached Asia Killed in the Philippines, crew continued Killed in the Philippines, crew continued 1 st to Circumnavigate (sail around) the world 1 st to Circumnavigate (sail around) the world

10. John Cabot 1497 1497 English Explorer English Explorer Search for Northern route to Asia Search for Northern route to Asia –“The North West Passage” –Landed on present day New Foundland

11. Henry Hudson Hired by the Netherlands, then British Hired by the Netherlands, then British Search for North West Passage Search for North West Passage Sailed due west, landed in Hudson Bay Sailed due west, landed in Hudson Bay –Thought it was the Pacific Ocean –Couldn’t find way out –Crew set Hudson, his son, and few sailors adrift on a small boat Never seen again Never seen again

12. The Commercial Revolution The Commercial Revolution Mercantilism – country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver Mercantilism – country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver Export – sell goods to another country Export – sell goods to another country Import – buy goods from another country Import – buy goods from another country Colony – settlement of people living in a new territory controlled by their home country Colony – settlement of people living in a new territory controlled by their home country

13. Commercial Rev. con’t Commercial Rev. con’t Commerce- buying and selling of goods in large amounts over long distances Commerce- buying and selling of goods in large amounts over long distances Invest – entrepreneurs (buisnessperson) put money into a project Invest – entrepreneurs (buisnessperson) put money into a project - goal was to make even more $ when project was done - goal was to make even more $ when project was done