1. Applications of Geospatial Technologies in Public Health Technology Assessment Adil A. Omer-Abdalla Laura K. Moorhead GISC 6383 – GIS Management and Implementation – University of Texas at Dallas - Fall 2007 – Dr. Stuart Murchison

2. Topics Introduction Definitions Applications in Public Health Software and hardware requirements Costs Benefits Conclusions 11/01/20072Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

3. Introduction Public health challenges: – Emerging new diseases – Re-emergence of old diseases – Environmental hazards Geospatial technology changes: – GIS, photogrammetry, GPS, remote sensing, and information technology – More robust and has more features – Accessible to a wider range of organizations – Cheaper and more widely available 11/01/20073Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

4. Definitions Public Health Geographic Information Science Photogrammetry Remote Sensing 11/01/2007 4 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

5. Public Health “Public Health is the science and art of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention. Public Health improves the health and well being of people in local communities and across our nation. Public Health helps people who are less fortunate to achieve a healthier lifestyle.” 11/01/20075Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 http://www.whatispublichealth.org

6. Public Health In 1854, Dr. John Snow created a map of cholera cases to help determine the source of the outbreak in London, England—uniting geospatial analysis and public health. 11/01/20076Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowmap1_1854_lge.htm The Broad Street Pump

7. Geographic Information Science (GIS) “GIS is a collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.” GIS definition source: http://www.gis.com/whatisgis/index.html 11/01/2007 7 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 = 1 GSW

8. Photogrammetry 11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 20078 All air photos: http://www.asprs.org/career/index.html Photogrammetry is the tongue- twisting term for the science and technology of obtaining reliable measurements, maps, digital elevation models, and other GIS data primarily from aerial and space photography. http://www.asprs.org/society/about.html

9. Photogrammetry 11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 20079 www.map-reading.com/images/fig8-1.gif http://amtmaps.com/photogrammetry.htm

10. Remote Sensing Remote Sensing is the art of using electromagnetic radiation (EMR) to acquire information (spectral, spatial, temporal) without coming into physical contact with objects. http://ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/resource/tutor/fundam/chapter1 11/01/2007 10 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

11. 11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 200711 What is the connection between public health and the geospatial sciences?

12. Association of Health and Geospatial Technologies 11/01/200712Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 LOCATIO N GPS Remote Sensing GIS Public Health Photogrammetry

13. Application to Public Health Analyzing spatial and temporal trends Mapping populations at risk Stratifying risk and environmental factors Assessing resource allocation Planning and targeting interventions Monitoring diseases and interventions over time Provide fast and reliable data for policy and decision makers. 11/01/2007 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 13

14. Public Health Examples Chronic diseases – Cancer – Diabetes Infectious diseases – Tuberculosis – West Nile Virus Environmental health issues – 2007 Southern California fires 11/01/2007 14 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

15. Cancer Mortality 1970-1994 Source: http://dceg.cancer.gov/cgi-bin/atlas/mapview2?direct=acccwm70 11/01/200715Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

16. 11/01/200716Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

17. 11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 200717 Tuberculosis http://www/who.org/int http://ykalaska.wordpress.com/2007/03/22/world-tb-day-2007-march-24

18. West Nile Virus Why GIS, photogrammetry, and remote sensing apply to the study of West Nile Virus – Vector-borne disease Mosquitoes Habitat Ecology – Epidemiology Horses Birds Humans 11/01/2007 18 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

19. NASA West Nile Study 11/01/2007 19 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

20. Source: http://space.about.com/library/graphics/gd_rsk_map2.jpg 11/01/200720Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

21. 11/01/2007 21 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

22. Source:http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/cleveland/conditions/ October 26, 2007, 7:00 a.m. 11/01/200722Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment - UT Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

23. Source: http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/socal_wildfires_oct07.html 11/01/200723Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 California Wildfires These visualizations (above) display data acquired by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) onboard NASA's EO-1 satellite. Shortwave infrared surface radiation indicates actively burning areas, which appear bright orange-red to yellow in these images. The left image was captured October 23, and the right was captured October 25. From an animation created using visible image data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-West satellite. The animation covers the period from October 21 to October 23. Images from the satellite are available every 15 to 30 minutes. Smoke plumes from the wildfires are blown due west by powerful Santa Ana winds, drifting hundreds of miles out to sea.

24. Software and Hardware Requirements Software – ESRI ArcGIS 9.2 – ERDAS Imagine Image Analysis for ArcGIS Hardware – Desktop workstation PC – 22” LCD monitor 11/01/2007 24 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

25. Costs ProductCost ESRI ArcView 9.2$1,500 ESRI ArcGIS 9.2 3D Analyst$2,500 ESRI Documentation Guides$175 ESRI Training Introduction to ArcGIS$950 Working with Spatial Analyst$1,425 Leica Image Analysis for ArcGIS$3,500 Leica Training Image Analysis for ArcGIS$900 Software maintenance fees (@ 15% of license fee)$735 Satellite imagery (Quickbird standard digital orthophotos for Dallas)$36,000 Air photos (Dallas County, 8 ft resolution)$10,490 Hardware Desktop PC with monitor$2,000 Total$58,375 11/01/2007 25 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007 All costs are approximateSources: www.txsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online; www.esri.com; www.leica.com; http://hgiis.com/documents/en/PriceList_04_01_2005_en.pdf

26. 11/01/2007Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 200726 NCTCOG North Central Texas Council of Governments GIS Resources

27. Benefits Improved response time to public health emergencies Relatively inexpensive Does not require extensive training to interpret or to use Easy to update changes to data and attributes they occur Ability to identify exact locations and measure distances or areas Create powerful analytical maps Data and maps can be shared by multiple users at the same time 11/01/2007 27 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

28. Conclusions Using these technologies in Public Health provides: – Explaining the pattern of health and environmental issues – The ability to provide accurate data remotely from the locations of incidents – Prediction of the distribution of disease and environmental events – A strong visual tool for health policy and decision makers to take action Ultimate goal: Improve the quality of life 11/01/2007 28 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007

29. References Slide 1: Progression of the West Nile Virus through the Continental United States – http://veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/12646/hires_progression_web.jpg Slide 5: Public Health – http://whatispublichealth.org Slide 6: John Snow Map, UCLA School of Public Health http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowmap1_1854_lge.htm Slide 7: Geographic Information Systems – Gunshot Wound Map, Dallas County, Texas, by Adil A. Omer-Abdalla (2007) – Environmental Systems Research Institute – http://www.gis.com/whatisgis/index.html Slides 8 and 9: Photogrammetry aerial photographs – http://www.whatispublichealth.org – http://www.asprs.org/career/index.html – http://amtmaps.com/photogrammtery.htm – http://www.map-reading.com/images/fig8-1.gif Slide 10: Remote Sensing – http://ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/resource/tutor/fundam/chapter1 Slide 15: Cancer Mortality – http://dceg.cancer.gov/cgi-bin/atlas/mapview2?direct=acccwm70 Slide 16: Diabetes – http://www.eatlas.idf.org Slide 17: Tuberculosis – http://www.who.int/en Slides 19, 20, and 21: West Nile Virus – http://veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov – http://space.about.com/library/graphics/gd_rsk_map2.jpg – Texas Department of State Health Services Slides 22 and 23: Southern California Wild Fires – http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/cleveland/conditions/ 11/01/2007 29 Omer-Abdalla and Moorhead GISC 6383 - GIS Management and Implementation Technology Assessment University of Texas at Dallas - Dr. Murchison - Fall 2007