1. The Constitution How does this document influence the laws of the United States?

2. Issue: Fair Voting in Congress 1) Virginia Plan: - James Madison 2) New Jersey Plan: - William Patterson 3) The Great Compromise  bicameral Congress (2 houses)  Representatives in Congress based on state’s population - Unicameral Congress (1 house) - Each state gets one rep. a. Two houses in Congress b. Senate: each state get two reps (NJ) c. House of Rep’s: reps based on state’s pop. (VA)

3. Slaves & Population 1. Problem: Southern States wanted to count slaves as population for representation. 2. Solution: Three-Fifths Compromise a. Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person

4. A New Constitution Mostly drafted by James Madison Key issue: State Govs vs. Federal Gov, which should have more power? Result: Federal Govt has power to tax, regulate commerce, control currency, pass laws Result: State Govs can make some laws but cannot defy Fed law or Constitution

5. Part One = The Preamble (pg 84) 1. Become more unified 2. Establish Justice 3. Insure domestic peace 4. Defend the nation 5. Good economic system 6. Ensure Liberty

6. Part II = The Articles Articles 1-3 address: Checks & Balances 1. Legislative Branch = makes laws 2. Executive Branch = Signs or vetoes, and enforces laws 3. Judicial Branch = interprets laws 4. States’ Rights/powers 5. Amendment Process (adding to Const.) 6. Nat’l Supremacy (Const/Fed law is first) 7. Ratification Process (approving Const.) Articles 4-7 address: Separation of Power

7. Constitution Questions: Answer in complete sentences in your notes Article I page 84-85: 1.What is the minimum age for a Representative, Senator, President and Supreme Court justice? 2.How many representative does a state get based on their population? 3.What sole power does the House of Reps have? 4.How many Senators should each state have? 5.What is the job of the Vice-President?

8. Tyranny of the people? Some worried about protection from “Mob Rule” Electoral college elects President (enlightened few vote) State govs elect Senators Only House of Reps would be elected directly by the people

9. Constitution Questions: Answer in complete sentences in your notes Article II pages 90-91: 1.How does the electoral college work? 2.What citizenship restriction is there for President? 3.What must the President do before taking office? 4.What military powers does the President have? Article III pages 92-93 1.The judicial branch has authority to rule on what items (list at least 3)? 2.When should a jury be used? 3.What is treason? 4.Who punishes for treason?

10. Ratification 9 of 13 states needed to ratify State conventions form on whether or not to ratify Federalists (favored ratification as is) vs. Antifederalists (wanted changes to ratify) Hamilton Jefferson

11. Compromise: The Bill of Rights Federalists wage a war of words over ratification Hamilton, Madison, John Jay write the Federalist Papers Anti-federalists want guarantee rights will be protected 1787: Compromise: federal constitution with ten amendments (Bill of Rights) Washington, who was offered the title of King would turn that down and will be elected the nation’s first President (1789)

12. Ratification of the Constitution