1. 1st PD

2. 3rd

3. 5th

4. Tuesday, January 5 “A” Day

6. Chapter 13 Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS
Lesson 13.1 Sexually Transmitted Infections: What You Should Know Lesson 13.2 Common STIs Lesson 13.3 HIV/AIDS

7. Sexually Transmitted Infections: What You Should Know
Lesson 13.1
Sexually Transmitted Infections: What You Should Know

8. What do you know?
Login to Kahoot.it 15 questions!!!

9. STD or STI? What’s the difference?
Diseases that are spread through sexual contact are usually referred to as sexually transmitted diseases or STDs for short. In recent years, however, many experts in this area of public health have suggested replacing STD with a new term—sexually transmitted infection, or STI.
Why the change? The concept of “disease,” as in STD, suggests a clear medical problem, usually some obvious signs or symptoms. But several of the most common STDs have no signs or symptoms in the majority of persons infected. Or they have mild signs and symptoms that can be easily overlooked. So the sexually transmitted virus or bacteria can be described as creating “infection,” which may or may not result in “disease.” This is true of chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, and human papillomavirus (HPV), to name a few.

10. Warm-Up Sexually Transmitted Infections
Do you think people should be embarrassed to talk about sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Why or why not?

11. STD Learning Stations Grab a whiteboard & marker for your table
Why would someone want to avoid getting an STD?
People can get an STD by…
People might think they have an STD if…
If people think they might have an STD, they should…
People can reduce their risk of giving or getting an STD by…
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
* Give students 5-7 minutes to brainstorm answers to their assigned question.
Group 5

12. STD Learning Stations
You are allowed to write a total of two comments, facts, or even questions on two learning stations of your choice.
If you get to the whiteboard after others, try to think of things that other people haven’t already written.
You will have 5 minutes to complete this activity.
*Have students spread out and go around to the different tables to read responses and add their own response.

13. STD Myths Video
SexEtc.org

14. Sex Etc. Video Review
The primary way people get infected is when they have oral, anal, or vaginal sex and the other person’s semen or vaginal fluid comes in contact with their mucous membranes.
What parts of the body contain mucous membranes?
Rectum (inside the anus)
Vagina
Urethra
Mouth and Throat
Eyes, Nose and Inner ears (mostly at birth)

15. Learning Station Review
Why would someone want to avoid getting an STD?
STDs range from being a nuisance to being life threatening. If not cured, some STDs can lead to chronic pain, damage to non-reproductive organs (heart, brain, etc.), infertility and miscarriage, premature births and birth defects, and death. Some of the more dangerous are HIV, Hepatitis A and B, certain strains of HPV, and for fetuses and newborns, genital herpes. Syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia can also have serious health impacts if untreated. (Some STDs are not this serious, for example pubic lice.)
To avoid rejection by future partners. Some people would end a relationship if they found out their partner had ever had an STD. Talking about STD status can be a difficult conversation to have with someone.

16. Learning Station Review
2) People can get an STD by…
• Having oral, anal, or vaginal sex or skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.
• Although HIV is an STD, people can catch it from sharing needles or by mother to child transmission through pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.
• Hepatitis A is passed from infected feces to another person’s mouth, so it could be spread by food workers if they have Hep A and don’t wash their hands before handling food. This is rare.
• Pubic lice and scabies may be spread by sharing towels or clothing.

17. Learning Station Review
3) People might think they had an STD if …
• He / she has symptoms.
• Sores can be a symptom whether they hurt or not.
• Discharge is a symptom only if it is unusual or abnormal.
• A partner tells the person.
• A doctor tells the person.

18. Learning Station Review
4) If people think they might have an STD, they should …
• Stop having sex or intimate contact with other people until it is cured.
• Get to the clinic for testing and treatment.
• Talk to their partner(s) and encourage them to see a health care provider or go to a clinic.

19. Learning Station Review
5) People can reduce their risk of giving or getting an STD by …
• Abstaining from oral, anal, and vaginal sex.
• Maintaining long-term mutual monogamy (as in marriage or long-term partner relationship).
• Using condoms.
• Getting vaccinated for Hepatitis A and B and HPV.
• Reducing the number of sexual partners in their lifetime.
• Reducing the frequency of sex.
• Avoiding the exchange of semen and vaginal fluid.
• Getting yearly, thorough STD check-ups even if no symptoms are present.
• Not having sex with people they know have an STD or whose STD status they don’t know.

20. How People Contract STIs
STIs are infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses
A person may get an STI by engaging in sexual activity with an infected partner
Casual contact, such as holding hands, does not transmit STIs
shutterstock.com/wavebreakmedia

21. Only people who have sex with many different partners get STIs.
Myth or Fact?
Only people who have sex with many different partners get STIs.
MYTH
Fact: Engaging in sexual activity one time with just one infected partner is all it takes to contract an STI.
Fact: It is possible for a person with certain oral STIs to transmit the infection by kissing.

22. STIs Cause Serious Health Problems
Inflammation often occurs in body parts affected by an STI
Asymptomatic people with STIs can transmit the disease to others
STIs can damage the reproductive organs, brain, heart, liver, and other internal organs
shutterstock.com/solominviktor

24. STIs Can Be Treated Many STIs are easily treated
Some bacterial STIs are treatable, even curable, with antibiotics
Viral infections can be controlled with antiviral medications
shutterstock.com/Brian A Jackson

25. What are the three critical components of effective treatment of STIs?
Treatment from a doctor must begin as soon as possible.
All sexual partners of the infected individual must be notified, tested, and treated.
An infected person must abstain from sexual activity until a doctor determines that the disease is cured or no longer able to be transmitted.

26. STIs Can Be Prevented
The most effective way to prevent STIs is to practice abstinence
Practicing refusal skills for sex, drugs, and alcohol can help people manage risky situations
A correctly used latex condom can reduce the chances of contracting STIs
shutterstock.com/TheModernCanvas

27. Critical Thinking Condoms
Non-latex condoms, such as lambskin condoms, can reduce the risk of pregnancy.
Will this type of condom also prevent transmitting STIs ? Why or why not?

29. STI Resources
Community resources are available to help people with STIs
Doctors
Public health departments
Counseling services
Support groups
shutterstock.com/Alexander Raths

30. STI Transmission 13.1 Handout
In each scenario, identify whether an STI could have been transmitted or not.

31. Exercise TIME!!! Ball Overhead Squats x 10
Squeeze Ball to Chest Squats x 10
Situps x 10
Back Extensions x 10
Pushups x 10

32. Lesson 13.2
Common STIs

34. Chlamydia
An almost asymptomatic STI that may cause pelvic inflammatory disease if not treated
Can be diagnosed with a urine test or with a sample swabbed from an infected site
Can be treated and cured with antibiotics
shutterstock.com/Rob Byron

35. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
An infection of the fallopian tubes and the pelvic cavity
Can be caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea
Can cause infertility or lead to ectopic pregnancy
Click here for the “Blocked Fallopian Tubes” animation
Body Scientific International, LLC

36. Gonorrhea
A bacterial infection that primarily affects the reproductive tract, rectum, and throat
Causes mild or no symptoms in many people
Antibiotics can successfully treat and cure gonorrhea
shutterstock.com/Piotr Marcinski

37. Syphilis
A bacterial infection that causes extremely serious health problems and disability
Antibiotics can cure syphilis in its primary and secondary stages
The organ damage caused by late-stage syphilis cannot be reversed
shutterstock.com/lenetstan

38. What are the sign and symptoms of the stages of syphilis?
In primary syphilis, a chancre develops at the site of the infection.
In secondary syphilis, a red or copper-color rash appears, mainly on the palms and soles.
In late-stage syphilis, there is damage to the brain in the form of dementia, paralysis, and fatal damage to the heart, liver, and blood vessels.

39. Trichomoniasis
Caused by a single-celled microorganism called a protozoan
Easily cured with prescription drugs
Most infected men experience no symptoms
In women, trichomoniasis primarily infects the vagina and causes few symptoms
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

40. Genital Herpes
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 causes cold sores on the mouth and lips
HSV type 2 causes genital infections
No cure exists for herpes
Medication can control the frequency and severity of outbreaks
shutterstock.com/Artem Efimov

41. Human Papillomavirus Infects and causes cells to grow abnormally
Can result in genital warts, cervical cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer
Genital warts can be diagnosed by a doctor’s examination and a lab test
The Pap test is normally used to screen for cervical cancer
Oropharyngeal cancer is often detected through tests that examine the mouth and throat

42. Critical Thinking HPV Vaccine
The risk for HPV infection can be reduced by a vaccine.
Do you think teenagers should get this vaccine? Why or why not?
shutterstock.com/Muellek Josef

46. Lesson 13.3
HIV/AIDS

47. MYTHS & FACTS HIV and AIDS
MYTH: A person can be infected with HIV through the bite of a mosquito
FACT: There are no cases of HIV transmission through the bite of any insect, including mosquitoes.
MYTH: Only male homosexuals get AIDS.
FACT: Anyone who engages in high-risk behavior is at risk of contracting HIV. Men, women, and children get AIDS.
MYTH: You can tell if a person is infected with HIV just by the way he or she looks.
FACT: People can harbor HIV in their bodies for many years without showing any signs of illness.
MYTH: A person infected with HIV cannot infect another person until he or she develops symptoms of AIDS.
FACT: Any time after being infected with HIV, a person can transmit the virus to another person through body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal secretions.
MYTH: You are likely to get infected with HIV from blood used in a transfusion during an operation in a hospital.
FACT: Since 1985, when blood test for HIV was put into use, the chances of getting HIV from blood transfusions have become extremely small in this country.

48. CDC TV- HIV/AIDS 101

49. HIV and AIDS Defined
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and kills cells, weakening the body’s immune system
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an often fatal disease in which the body’s immune system can no longer fight off infections and diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

50. Where did HIV come from?
Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in West Africa as the source of HIV infection in humans. They believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV) most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood. Studies show that HIV may have jumped from apes to humans as far back as the late 1800s. Over decades, the virus slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. We know that the virus has existed in the United States since at least the mid- to late 1970s. CDC.gov

51. A person who tests HIV-positive has AIDS.
Myth or Fact?
A person who tests HIV-positive has AIDS.
MYTH
Fact: A person who tests HIV-positive is infected with HIV, but does not necessarily have AIDS.
Fact: AIDS can develop later, perhaps many years after HIV infection.

52. HIV Transmission HIV can be transmitted Through sexual intercourse
Through breast milk
In blood found in contaminated needles used for drugs, tattoos, or body piercings
Through open sores on the skin
shutterstock.com/Artem Furman

53. Signs and Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
Early symptoms resemble a flu-like illness with fatigue and swollen lymph nodes
When the virus weakens the immune system, opportunistic infections occur
HIV/AIDS develops differently and at different rates for all affected people
Worldwide, about 1 in 4 people with AIDS die from tuberculosis.
shutterstock.com/zebrik

54. Diagnosis
The HIV test examines a blood sample for the presence of antibodies to the virus
A home version of the HIV test is available
Sexually active people should be tested every year and every time they switch sexual partners
shutterstock.com/Image Point Fr

55. Critical Thinking HIV Testing
Suppose a person thinks he or she was exposed to HIV within the past three months. The person takes an HIV test, which turns out negative.
Should this person stop being concerned that he or she may have HIV? Why or why not?

56. HIV Test Results Are Confidential
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a federal law that requires confidentiality for HIV test results
If a test is positive, healthcare providers must report the results to the state
The results are reported with no identifying personal information
Some cities and states have laws requiring HIV-positive individuals or their doctors to notify their partners

57. Discrimination
Two important laws protect the rights of HIV-positive people
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
People with HIV/AIDS cannot be denied jobs, benefits, education, services, or other rights
shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

58. Treatment
The cornerstone of HIV/AIDS treatment is anti-retroviral therapy (ART)
ART consists of a mixture of three drugs, sometimes called a cocktail of drugs
The aim of ART is to reduce the number of viruses in the body so that the immune system remains strong
shutterstock.com/Akawath

59. What are the drugs in an ART cocktail designed to do
What are the drugs in an ART cocktail designed to do? When should an HIV-positive person begin ART?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

60. HIV Transmission 13.3 Handout
Read the scenarios and determine whether the person should be worried about HIV transmission. Explain your answer.

61. The Truth About Sex Video

62. Jeopardy

63. Friday, May 29 “B” Day