2. مضارع اخباریI|we|then|you+drive|work.etcPresent simple1 He|she|it+drives|work.etc مضارع مستمرAm|is|are+ -ingPresent continuous2 ماضی نقلیHave|has+pastparticiplePresent perfect3 -Have |has + been doingPresent perfect continuous 4 ماضی سادهLived Worked etc Past simple5 ماضی بعیدhad donePast perfect6 -Had been doingPast perfect continuous 7 آیندهwillfuture8

3. 1. Present simple (مضارع اخباری) I|we|then|you+drive|work.etc He|she|it+drives|work.etc Past now present We use the present simple to talk about things in general. We use it to say that some thing happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general ` I do

4. Examole: a ) Nurses look after patients in hospital پرستارها از بیماران در بیمارستان مراقبت می کنند. b ) I usually go away at weekend من معمولا آخر هفته بیرون می روم. C ) The earth goes around the sun زمین دور خورشید می چرخد. d ) The café opens at 7:30 in the morning کافه ساعت 7:30 صبح باز می کند.

5. ) 2. Present continuous مضارح مستمر ) Past now present When we say I'm doing sth = I'm in the middle of doing it I am(I'm)Driving She|he|it is(he's etc)Working We|you|they are(we're etc)doing I am doing

6. Example a ) please don't make so mush noise, I'm trying to work (not I try it) لطفا زیاد سر و صدا نکنید من دارم سعی می کنم درس بخونم b ) (at a party) Hi, jane, are you enjoying the party? ( not do you enjoy) سلام جین داری از مهونی لذت می بری ؟

7. 3. Present perfect ( ماضی نقلی ) I|we|they|youHave(I've etc)Finished She|he|ithas(He's etc)Done 1. when we say that's some thing has happened this is usually new information.

8. Example : a ) The road is closed, There's been ( there has been) an accident جاده بسته است آن جا تصادف اتفاق افتاده است. 2. when we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now, the action in the past has a result now. b ) He told me his name, but I've forgotten it (I can't remember now) آن مرد اسمش را به من گفت اما من فراموش کرده ام. c ) Kate wants to wotk in Italy, so she's learning Italian. کیت می خواهد در ایتالیا کار کند ، بنابراین او ( کیت) دارد ایتالیایی می خواند.

9. 4. Present perfect continuous (Have | has been doins) I|we|they|youHave(I've etc) been Doing Waiting She|he|ithas(He's etc)Playing Is it raining? No, but the ground is wet It has been raining. Have | has been + -ing is the present perfect continuous: We use the present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped. There is a counection with now.

10. Example : a ) you're out of breath. have you been running ? (you're out of breath now) نفس نفس می زنی آیا دویده ای ؟ b ) Jeem is very tired.He's been working very hard.(he's tired now) جیم خیلی خسته است او زیاد کار کرده است.

11. 5. Past simple (ماضی ساده ) When you talked about a finished time (for example, yesterday ten minuts ago | in 2005)use a past simple.

12. Example : a ) I did a lot of home work last night من تکالیف زیادی را دیروز انجام دادم. b ) It didn't rained last week. هفته ی پیش باران نیامد. c ) Jack lived in Newyork for ten years. جک 10 سال در نیویورک زندگی کرد.

13. 6. past perfect (ماضی بعید) I|we|they|you had (I'd etc)Gone Seen She|he|it(he'd etc) Finished Sarah went to a party last week paul went to the party too, but they didn't see each other. paul left the party at 10:30 and sarah arrived at 11 O'clock.so: When sarah arrived at the party, paul wasn't there. He had gone home. The past perfect simple is had + pp. Some time we talk about some thing that happened in the past. Sarah arrived at the party. This is the starting point of story. Then, if we want to talk about things that happened before this time. we use the past perfect ( had +pp)

14. Example: a ) when sarah arrived at the party, paul had gone home. وقتی سارا به مهمانی رسید پائل به خانه رفته بود. b ) Karen didn't want to go to the cinema with us because she'd seen the move. کارن نمی خواست با ما به سینما بیاید چون فیلم را قبلا دیده بود.

15. 7. past perfect continuous I|we|they|you had (I'd etc) been Doing Waiting (he'd etc) She|he|itPlaying

16. Example : a ) when the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. They 'd been fighting. وقتی پسرها به خانه رسیدند لباس های آن ها کثیف و موهای آن ها نامرتب و یکی از آن ها زیر چشمش سیاده شده بود ، آن ها دعوا کرده بودند. b ) I was very tired when I got home. I'd been working hard all day. وقتی به خانه رسیدم خیلی خسته بودم من تمام طول روز را به شدت کار کرده بودم.

17. Campare present perfect contionuous ( have been ) And past perfect continuous ( had been + ing) Present perfect continuous I have been + ing Past now Past perfect continuous I had been + ing Past now I hope the bus comes soon I've been wating for 20 minutes ( before now) At last the bus came, I'd been Waiting for 20 minutes ( before the bus come ) James is out of breath He has been running James was out of breath He had been running

18. 8. future (آینده) We use I'll ( = I will) when we've just decided to do some thing when we say I'll do somthings, we announce our decision. What would you like to drink ? I'll an orange juice pleas I don't think I'll go out to night. Im too tired. I see you 're busy, so I wont( = will not) stay long.

19. Passive

20. When we use a passive verb, we say what happens to the subject : Example : a ) How old is this house ? It was buit in 1961. b ) Two hundred people are employed by the company. (200 نفر استخدام شده اند توسط شرکت )

21. Example : a ) A lot of money was stolen in the robbery b ) Is this room cleaned every day? If we want to say who does or want causes the action, we use by :

22. Example : This house was built by my grand father. این خانه توسط پدر بزرگم ساخته شده است. Two hundred people are employed by the company. Present simple: Active: clean (s) / see etc Some body cleans this room everyday. یک نفر این اتاق را هر روز تمیز می کند. Passive: am | is | are + cleaned | seen etc This room cleaned every day.

23. Example : a ) Many accidents are caused by careless drivers. بی دقتی در رانندگی دلیل بسیاری از تصادف ها می شود. b ) I'm not invited to parties very often. من زیاد به مهمانی دعوت نمی شوم. "past simple " Active: cleaned / saw etc Some body cleaned this room everyday. یک نفر این اتاق را هر روز تمیز کرده است. Passive: was | were + cleaned | seen etc This room was cleaned yesterday. این اتاق دیروز تمیز شده است.

24. Example : a ) did you go to the party? No, I wasn't invites به همانی رفتی ؟ نه من دعوت نشده بودم. b ) How much money was stolen in the robbery ? چه مقدار پول در دزدی ، دزدیده شده است ؟ "present perfect " Active: have / has + done etc The room looks nice some body has cleaned it. اتاق ظاهرا به نظر می رسد. یک نفر آن را تمیز کرده است. Passive: have / has been + done etc The room looks nice. It has been cleaned. اتاق ظاهرا خوب به نظر می رسد. اتاق تمیز شده است.

25. Example : Have you ever been bitten by a dog? تا حالا تو گاز گرفته شد توسط یک سگ؟ Have you heard? The trip has been cancelled. شنیده ای ؟ گردش کنسل شده است.

26. " past perfect " Active: had + done etc The room looked nice some body had cleaned it. Passive: had been + done etc The room looked nice. It had been cleaned.

27. Example : The vegetables didn't taste good. They had been cooked too long. سبزیجات طعم خوبی نمی دهند. آن ها زیاد پخته شده اند. The car was three years old,but hadn't been used very much. ماشین 3 سال داشت اما از آن زیاد استفاده نشده بود.

28. Present continuous Active: am | is | are + (do) ing Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment. Passive: am | is | are + being(done) The room is being cleaned at the moment. There's somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed. (in a shop) ' can I help you ? ' ' No, tanks. I 'm being serves'

29. Past continuous Active: was | were + (do) ing Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrive. Passive: was | were + being(done) The room was being cleaned when I arrived. There was somebody walking behind us. I think we were being followed.