1. #2 –What role did compromise play at theConstitutional Convention?”

2. “If Men were Angels, No government would be necessary”
James Madison
Father of the
Constitution

3. Flaws in the Articles of Confederation
Economic Problems
No tax collection – had to pay a huge debt of $190 million
Foreign Policy Problems
No trade regulation (rules) foreign policy issues with Spain (closed Miss. River and Great Britain did not evacuate forts.
Not Unified
9 out of the 13 states were needed to pass a law
All 13 states had to agree on all changes
No executive branch or Federal Courts

5. John Dickinson Delaware
“The success of government depended on virtuous people”
Idea of civic virtue plays important role – good of the nation above personal interests

7. Independence Hall - Philadelphia

8. (May 1787) Constitutional Convention
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
56 delegates attend
All states represented except Rhode Island
George Washington is selected as President
Goals: Revise the Articles

9. Who’s Who at Independence Hall
James Madison – Virginia, age 36 –aka. Father of the Constitution
Alexander Hamilton, New York, age 30
Washington, Virginia, 50
Franklin, Pennsylvania, 81
Patrick Henry, Virginia – does not attend
“I smell a rat” When it comes to ratification
Edmund Randolph - Virginia
Jefferson & Adams are out of the country.

11. Key Issues at the Convention
Strong Central Government vs. Strong States
Central Government should have more power
Large States vs. Small States
Representation
Who will have more of a say in government
North vs. South
The issue of slavery

12. Federalism – Shared Power between National & State Governments
To protect the rights of the States
DELEGATED POWERS.
Powers granted only to
the National Government
RESERVED POWERS.
Powers reserved for the State
Government
CONCURRENT POWERS. Powers shared by both

13. The Federal System Shared Power

14. Examples of Delegated Powers
Levy tariffs and taxes
Regulate trade – foreign and interstate
Coin money
Maintain and army and navy
Declare war
Establish post offices
Establish courts

15. Examples of Reserved Powers
Tax their citizens
Control public education
Punish criminals
Protect public health and safety
Conduct elections
Establish local governments
Make marriage laws

16. Examples of Concurrent Powers
Maintain law and order
Levy taxes
Borrow money
Take land of public use (Eminent Domain)
Provide for the public welfare

17. Federalism Established
So that the federal government be balanced.
Power to be shared between different branches.

18. SEPARATION OF POWERS WITHIN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Create Three Branches Proposed by: Edmund Randolph
Enlightenment writer Montesqeiu wrote of separating governmental power. Executive Branch – President, Vice President, Cabinet VP also serves as the President of the Senate in order to break ties. Legislative Branch The Senate and the House Judicial Branch – Supreme Court Rules on the objections against a law

19. Virginia Plan Big state plan Proposed by James Madison
Bicameral (two houses)
Representation based on population

20. New Jersey Plan Small state plan Proposed by William Patterson
Unicameral (one house)
Representation equal for each state
This could give control of Congress to the 7 smaller states

21. The Great Compromise Roger Sherman of Connecticut
There should be two houses:
One house based on population (Proportional Representation)
One house that is equal (2 for each state)-Equal
Representation

22. Three-fifths Compromise Proposed by Roger Sherman
Compromise Again
Because of proportional representation
Do we count slaves?
Three-fifths Compromise
Proposed by Roger Sherman
3/5s of slaves would be counted.
Congress could not interfere with the slave trade for 20 years could be the earliest that the slave trade could be outlawed.

23. Article I The Legislative Branch
Job Description: To make laws

24. Legislative Branch Job Description
Passes all laws
House of Representatives introduces and passes all budget bills
Senate must approve presidents appointments - judges, ambassadors
Senate must approve treaties

25. Who Works There? Legislative Branch - Bicameral The Senate
Equal Representation
2 Senators each State
100 total senators
House of Representatives
Proportionate Representation
Based on population
435 total Congressman
NJ has 12 Congressman

26. Article I Legislative Branch
Requirements to hold office:
Senate: - Equal Representation
Be at least 30 years old
Live in the state you are elected in
Be a citizen for at least 9 years
Serve for 6 year terms
House of Representatives:
Proportional Representation
Be at least 25 years old
Be a citizen for at least 7 years
Serve for 2 year terms

27. Article II The Executive Branch
Job Description: Enforces the laws
Consists of the President, Vice President & Cabinet
Can serve 2 four year terms

28. Executive Branch Requirements to hold office: Be at least 35 years old
Must be born in the United States of America
Be a resident for the last 14 years.

29. Executive Branch Job Description
Carries out the Laws – makes sure the laws are obeyed
Makes treaties with other nations
President appoints ambassadors
President appoints judges in the Judicial Branch for a life term
President writes a budget and suggests legislation to Congress

30. Article III Judicial Branch
Job description: To interpret the laws
Who works there? The Supreme Court

31. Who Works There? Judicial Branch The Supreme Court 8 Justices +
1 Chief Justice
No ties
Job Description –
Interpret the Laws
Decides Constitutionality of
laws or decisions of the President

32. Article III Judicial Branch
Requirements to hold office:
They are appointed by the President
They are approved by Senate
Serve for life

33. Make it Work Better
Supremacy Clause – Federal law would be the highest, most important law of the land
Elastic Clause – provision that gives congress implied powers
Electoral College - made up of the number of senators and representatives – those who elect the President