1. Legislative Branch (Congress) 2- House (bicameral) legislature Senate House of Representatives Rep. based on Rep. based on population for population for each state each state Legislative Branch (Congress) 1-house (unicameral) legislature Rep. based on equality for all states (2) Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Which one to use?

2. The “Great” or Connecticut Compromise Legislative Branch (Congress) 2- House (bicameral) legislature Senate House of Representatives 100 435 Rep. based on Rep. based on equality for population for each state (2) each state They solved the problem by making rep. equal for all states in this house. In this house, rep. would be based on population for all states.

3. The U.S. Government Today House of Senate Representatives Equal rep. Rep. based on for each population for state.(2)= each state. (100 members) (435 members) President Vice-President Cabinet (25 members) Supreme Court (9 members) The Three Branches Legislative Branch (Congress) Creates Laws Executive Branch Enforces the laws Judicial Branch Interprets the laws

4. Judicial Branch Powers The Supreme Court 1.Makes sure no laws go against the Constitution. Executive Branch Powers The President 1.Carries out the laws. 2.Serves as commander in chief of the armed forces. 3.Appoints judges and other officials. 4.Makes treaties Legislative Branch Powers Congress 1.Creates laws. 2.Declares war. 3.Regulates trade. Checks and Balances Congress determines number of judges on Supreme Court. The Supreme Court can rule laws passed by Congress unconstitutional. President can veto or reject a law passed by Congress. Congress can override the veto with 2/3 majority vote in both houses. President appoints Supreme Court judges. Supreme Court can rule Presidential actions unconstitutional.

5. Federalism under The U.S. Constitution National Government Declare war Maintain armed forces Regulate foreign trade Admit new states establish post offices Set standard weights and measures coin money Establish foreign policy State Governments Establish and maintain schools Establish city governments Make marriage laws Provide for public safety Regulate business within the state Shared Maintain law and order Levy taxes Borrow money Charter banks Establish courts Provide for public welfare Federalism: Shared power between the state and federal government.

6. House Bill must pass by majority vote. (51%) Step 1: A bill is introduced in either house of Congress. Congress Senate Bill must pass by majority vote. (51%) Step 2: If the bill passes Congress, it goes to the office of the President. President Option 1: The President can sign the bill into law. Option 2: The President can veto or reject the bill. Step 3: If the President vetoes the bill, it goes back to Congress. Congress votes on the bill a second time. If the bill can get a 2/3 majority vote in both houses, Congress can bypass the President. This is called a veto override. The bill can then go to the Supreme Court without the President’s signature. The Supreme Court makes sure the bill follows the Constitution. If it does, the bill becomes a new law. If it does not, the Court will rule the bill unconstitutional and it cannot become a law. House Bill must pass by majority vote. (67%) Senate Bill must pass by majority vote. (67%) Supreme Court Veto Override