1. The Appendicular Skeleton
Includes:
Limbs (appendages)
Pectoral girdle (Shoulder joint)
Pelvic girdle (hip joint)
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2. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Composed of two bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
Scapula
Clavicle
Allows the upper limb a great deal of freedom
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3. Figure 5.23a Bones of the shoulder girdle.
Acromio- clavicular joint
Clavicle
Scapula
(a)
Articulated right shoulder (pectoral) girdle showing the relationship to bones of the thorax and sternum

4. Figure 5.23b Bones of the shoulder girdle.
Sternal (medial) end
Posterior
Acromial (lateral) end
Anterior
Superior view
Acromial end
Sternal end
Anterior
Posterior
Inferior view
(b)
Right clavicle, superior and inferior views

5. Figure 5.23c Bones of the shoulder girdle.
Coracoid process
Suprascapular notch
Superior angle
Acromion
Glenoid cavity at lateral angle
Spine
Medial border
Lateral border
(c)
Right scapula, posterior aspect

6. Figure 5.23d Bones of the shoulder girdle.
Acromion
Suprascapular notch
Superior border
Coracoid process
Superior angle
Glenoid cavity
Lateral (axillary) border
Medial (vertebral) border
Inferior angle
(d)
Right scapula, anterior aspect

7. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Arm
One bone: The Humerus
At the proximal end, the head articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
This is a ball and socket joint
At the distal end, the trochlea and capitulum articulate with the bones of the forearm
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8. Figure 5.24a Bones of the right arm and forearm.
Head of humerus
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Anatomical neck
Intertubercular sulcus
Deltoid tuberosity
Radial fossa
Medial epicondyle
Coronoid fossa
(a)
Capitulum
Trochlea

9. Figure 5.24b Bones of the right arm and forearm.
Head of humerus
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Radial groove
Deltoid tuberosity
Medial epicondyle
Olecranon fossa
Lateral epicondyle
(b)
Trochlea

10. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Forearm
Two bones
Ulna—medial bone in anatomical position
Proximal end articulation
Coronoid process and olecranon articulate with the humerus
Radius—lateral bone in anatomical position
Olecranon gives us the distinct elbow
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11. Figure 5.24c Bones of the right arm and forearm.
Trochlear notch
Olecranon
Head
Coronoid process
Neck
Proximal radioulnar joint
Radial tuberosity
Radius
Ulna
Inter- osseous membrane
Ulnar styloid process
Radial styloid process
Distal radioulnar joint
(c)

12. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hands
Carpals—wrist
arranged in two rows of 4 bones in each hand
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform (Row 1)
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (Row 2)
“some lovers try positions that they can’t handle”
Metacarpals—palm (5 per hand)
Phalanges—fingers and thumb
In each finger, there are 3 bones
In the thumb, there are only 2 bones
Thumb is called the pollex
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13. Figure 5.25 Bones of the right hand, anterior view.
Distal
Middle
Phalanges (fingers)
Proximal 3 2 4
Metacarpals (palm) 5 1
Hamate
Trapezium
Pisiform
Trapezoid
Carpals (wrist)
Triquetrum
Scaphoid
Lunate
Capitate
Ulna
Radius