1. T HE HEIGHT OF IMPERIALISM Chapter 21

2. C OLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Imperialism- extension of a nation’s power over other lands Nations were looking to expand their natural resources and wealth. Their imperialistic views were critical to world domination.

3. C OLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA In 1800, only two societies had dominated this area. 1. Spain- Philippines 2. Dutch East Indies- Spice Islands By 1900’s, the entire western world was after this area

4. C OLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Great Britain New colony off the coast of the Malay Peninsula- Singapore It was a stopping point for ship travel The next stop was Burma It would help protect possessions in India Created a land route through Burma into South China

5. C OLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA France Very nervous about British take over in this area. British trying to monopolize trade in this area Concerned Christian beliefs would interrupt Confucian doctrine Vietnam would make France its protectorate

6. C OLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA United States Philippines, under Spanish control, came under attack in 1898. U.S Commodore George Dewey, during the Spanish- American War, seized control of the island and made it an American colony. Importance of the take over was so that Japan would have it.

7. B RITISH RULE IN INDIA Great Britain’s power had increased in India since Imperialism. Great Britain had their own troops but also employed many Indians, sepoys, to protect the territory. The growing distrust of the British lead to many revolts by the Indians.

8. B RITISH RULE IN INDIA The cause of the revolts was that the British were issuing Indian troops with bullets that were greased with cow fat. The cow is very sacred to Hindus and the pig is taboo to Muslims. The revolts were small and the Indians were very unorganized.

9. B RITISH RULE IN INDIA Colonial Rule in India was direct. The British had a Viceroy, which is like a governor. This type of rule was both good and bad for the Indians. Good: Brought order and stability to land Education to the Indians. Training to serve in the Government Railroads, telegraphs, and postal service

10. Bad: Economics. The British companies ran the Indian businesses out. The British textile industry put many women out of work Taxation. Forced to grow cotton. It reduced the food supplies and the Indians could not keep up with the growing population British stilled believed that the Indians were inferior and suppressed their culture

11. B RITISH RULE IN INDIA Indian Nationalist Movement The Indians were looking for reform and turned to a movement that would help out in the bad environment. Mohandas Gandhi- young Hindu. Very well educated. Became very active in the movement. His actions were not violent but with peace and persistence.

12. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA By the end of the 1800’s, the influence of North America on Latin America was occurring. Spain control of Latin America was in jeopardy. Leading up to revolutionary ideals, the elite Creoles, descendents of Europeans born in Latin American, saw equality of all people in the eyes of the law, free trade and free press.

13. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA The Latin people did not like the idea of Spanish and Portuguese official residing in their community. They had oppressed the area for political and economic reasons for years.

14. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA Revolt in Mexico Miguel Hidalgo, parish priest, lead the first revolt against Spain. Although his militia was defeated and Hidalgo was sentenced to death, his vision of independence lived.

15. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA Due to the revolt in Mexico, the Creoles and Peninsulares were frightened by the riot. They banned together to overthrow Spanish rule. In 1821, Mexico declared independence from Spain.

16. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA Revolt in South America Jose de San Martin & Simon Bolivar, both creoles, were considered “Liberators of South America”. Based on the Mexican Independence, South America was ready to separate from Spain.

17. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA Martin lead forces faced difficult travel but later surprised the Spaniards and they were defeated easily. Convinced that he could not defeat Spain by himself, Bolivar was welcomed.

18. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA Bolivar’s forces quickly over took the Spaniards in Peru. By the end of 1824, Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, Columbia, Venezuela, Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile were free from Spain.

19. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA The battle for freedom was not over in South America. Members of the Concert of Europe favored troops being sent in to restore Spanish power. It was England who wanted to trade with Latin America. England and America banded together against the Concert of Europe.

20. N ATION B UILDING IN LATIN AMERICA Although Great Britain and America banded together to stop the assault, America did not trust England and their motives, so James Monroe signed the Monroe Doctrine, which guaranteed independence and warned against any European intervention.