1. Wednesday September 30, 2015 1. Please pick up the handout from the front desk. 2. Begin working on the reading over the Mexican American War. 3. When you are finished begin reviewing your notes from yesterday…. You never know if you might have a quiz.

2. Wilmot Proviso proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot law that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico law that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico broke party unity & split Congress based on sectional lines broke party unity & split Congress based on sectional lines supported by northern Democrats & Whigs supported by northern Democrats & Whigs opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress

3. Wacky Wednesday! Wacky Wednesday! Back to the Missouri Compromise map Back to the Missouri Compromise map

4. The Impending Crisis Events Leading Toward Civil War

5. North & South Read “Slavery Divides the Nation” (page 324-325) Read “Slavery Divides the Nation” (page 324-325) As you read, create a chart in your notes describing the differences between the North and South (include economic differences & views on slavery). As you read, create a chart in your notes describing the differences between the North and South (include economic differences & views on slavery). What critical question did Americans face as the nation expanded? What critical question did Americans face as the nation expanded? NorthSouth

6. Aftermath of Mexican War Opinions of war’s aftermath – Opinions of war’s aftermath – Wilmot Proviso (Aug 1846) – Northern view - annex Texas as slave state but no extension of slavery into any territory that may be gained from Mexico Wilmot Proviso (Aug 1846) – Northern view - annex Texas as slave state but no extension of slavery into any territory that may be gained from Mexico Southern View (Calhoun): slaves property; property rights protected by 5 th Amendment; Southerners could move anywhere & take slaves Southern View (Calhoun): slaves property; property rights protected by 5 th Amendment; Southerners could move anywhere & take slaves

7. Other Positions on Slavery’s Future James K. Polk: extend Missouri Compromise line James K. Polk: extend Missouri Compromise line “popular sovereignty” – let people in territory decide status of slavery (compromise) “popular sovereignty” – let people in territory decide status of slavery (compromise)

9. Election of 1848 Zachary Taylor (Whig) – popular sovereignty (but a southern & a slave owner) Lewis Cass (Democrat) – popular sovereignty Martin Van Buren (Free Soil) - N. Democrats, anti- slavery Whigs) endorsed Wilmot Proviso – opposed extension of slavery “free soil, free speech, free labor, & free men” “free soil, free speech, free labor, & free men”

10. Impact of Free Soil Party Won 10 % of the vote & split Democrat & Whig vote in some areas Won 10 % of the vote & split Democrat & Whig vote in some areas So…..Taylor won election (war hero) So…..Taylor won election (war hero) Significance: slavery became a political issue in a national election Significance: slavery became a political issue in a national election

11. Check Point 1. Why did Southerners oppose the Wilmot Proviso? 1. Why did Southerners oppose the Wilmot Proviso? 2. What was the platform of the Free Soil Party regarding the extension of slavery? 2. What was the platform of the Free Soil Party regarding the extension of slavery? 3. How did the presence of the Free Soil Party impact the Presidential election results in 1848? 3. How did the presence of the Free Soil Party impact the Presidential election results in 1848?

12. Gold Rush (1848) Greatest mass migration in Amer. History Greatest mass migration in Amer. History California applied for Statehood in 1849 – wanted admission as a free state California applied for Statehood in 1849 – wanted admission as a free state Taylor’s opinion: protect slavery where exists, but make CA & NM free states Taylor’s opinion: protect slavery where exists, but make CA & NM free states

13. Compromise of 1850 CA petition touched off great debate in Senate CA petition touched off great debate in Senate Key players: Clay, Calhoun, Webster Key players: Clay, Calhoun, Webster Henry Clay John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster

14. Compromise of 1850 1. California admitted as free state 2. Popular Sovereignty in NM and Utah 3. Texas given $ 10 million for loss of property to NM 4. Slave trade in D.C. ended (slavery remains) 5. Congress would pass a tougher fugitive slave law

15. Think About It: N & S Reactions Look at the list of 5 items that made up the Compromise of 1850 Look at the list of 5 items that made up the Compromise of 1850 Write N next to items that would have pleased the North Write N next to items that would have pleased the North Write S next to items that would have pleased the South Write S next to items that would have pleased the South

16. Check Point 1. What developments led to the necessity of compromise in 1850? 1. What developments led to the necessity of compromise in 1850? 2. Who proposed the Compromise of 1850? 2. Who proposed the Compromise of 1850? 3. Which parts of the Compromise pleased the South? Which parts pleased the North? 3. Which parts of the Compromise pleased the South? Which parts pleased the North?

17. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe Story: Uncle Tom (main character) is sold to cruel owner Simon Legree 300,000 copies sold in first year 300,000 copies sold in first year Significance: first time many thought of slaves as people Significance: first time many thought of slaves as people

18. Reactions to Uncle Tom’s Cabin - In North: spread compassion for enslaved people spread compassion for enslaved people convinced Northerners slavery would ruin nation; won many over to anti-slavery cause convinced Northerners slavery would ruin nation; won many over to anti-slavery cause - In South - In South enraged Southerners enraged Southerners wrote numerous novels in reply w/ their own versions of slavery; felt threatened & became defensive wrote numerous novels in reply w/ their own versions of slavery; felt threatened & became defensive

19. Check Point 1. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin? 1. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin? 2. Who is the evil slave owner in the book? 2. Who is the evil slave owner in the book? 3. How did Southerners react to the book? 3. How did Southerners react to the book?

20. Thursday October 1, 2015 1. Please take out your notes from yesterday. 1. Please take out your notes from yesterday. 2. I HIGHLY recommend that you review your notes from previous units. ;) 2. I HIGHLY recommend that you review your notes from previous units. ;) What is the significance of Shay’s Rebellion? What is the significance of Shay’s Rebellion? a. It demonstrated the need for a stronger central government. b. It ended the Revolutionary War. c. It unified the colonists. d. It led to the creation of the Articles of Confederation.

21. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Senator Stephen Douglas proposed organizing Nebraska Territory w/ popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue Senator Stephen Douglas proposed organizing Nebraska Territory w/ popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue South feared it would be a free state - decided to divide the territory into Kansas & Nebraska South feared it would be a free state - decided to divide the territory into Kansas & Nebraska 1854 both organized w/ pop. sov. to determine slavery status – would repeal Mo. Compromise 1854 both organized w/ pop. sov. to determine slavery status – would repeal Mo. Compromise

23. Kansas-Nebraska Video Qs Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Why did Douglas support popular sovereignty? Why did Douglas support popular sovereignty? What was the outcome of the election in Kansas? What was the outcome of the election in Kansas? Who was John Brown? How did he respond to the violence against antislavery settlers in Lawrence, Kansas? Who was John Brown? How did he respond to the violence against antislavery settlers in Lawrence, Kansas?

24. Significance of Kansas-Nebraska Act in further dividing N & S: Pro- & Anti-slavery forces streamed into Kansas Pro- & Anti-slavery forces streamed into Kansas 2 gov’ts formed: 1 pro-slavery, 1 anti-slavery (map page 336) 2 gov’ts formed: 1 pro-slavery, 1 anti-slavery (map page 336) Both petitioned Congress for recognition Both petitioned Congress for recognition Caused a bloody civil war in Kansas – violence between the 2 factions Caused a bloody civil war in Kansas – violence between the 2 factions Led to birth of Republican Party Led to birth of Republican Party

25. “Bleeding Kansas” 1855 territory governor called for elections: proslavery “border ruffians” from MO came across border & swayed election in their favor 1855 territory governor called for elections: proslavery “border ruffians” from MO came across border & swayed election in their favor Civil War erupted between factions – raided each other’s settlements and killed each other over issue of slavery

26. Troubles in Kansas Continue May 24-25, 1856 John Brown & followers; “Pottawatomie Massacre” (5 pro-slavery settlers murdered) May 24-25, 1856 John Brown & followers; “Pottawatomie Massacre” (5 pro-slavery settlers murdered) Congress adjourned 1856 session w/ no decision on Kansas Congress adjourned 1856 session w/ no decision on Kansas Became main issue in Election of 1856; eventually admitted as a free state in 1861 Became main issue in Election of 1856; eventually admitted as a free state in 1861

27. Violence spreads to U.S. Senate: “Crime Against Kansas”: 1856 Charles Sumner’s speech: Charles Sumner’s speech: criticism of pro-slavery forces in Kansas criticism of pro-slavery forces in Kansas aimed criticism @ Sen. Andrew Butler from S.C.) aimed criticism @ Sen. Andrew Butler from S.C.) Preston Brooks (Butler’s nephew) beat C. Sumner w/ cane on floor of Senate chamber - Sumner absent from Senate for 2 ½ yrs Preston Brooks (Butler’s nephew) beat C. Sumner w/ cane on floor of Senate chamber - Sumner absent from Senate for 2 ½ yrs Sumner’s speech & beating inflamed both sides Sumner’s speech & beating inflamed both sides

28. Check Point 1. What was popular sovereignty? 1. What was popular sovereignty? 2. Whose speech criticized pro-slavery forces in Kansas? 2. Whose speech criticized pro-slavery forces in Kansas? 3. What was “Bleeding Kansas”? 3. What was “Bleeding Kansas”?

29. Republican Party Forms: 1854 Why formed? largely in response to Kansas-Nebraska Act and civil war in Kansas Why formed? largely in response to Kansas-Nebraska Act and civil war in Kansas Support drawn from anti- slavery Democrats and Whigs, Free Soilers, non-slave state farmers, professionals, small business owners Support drawn from anti- slavery Democrats and Whigs, Free Soilers, non-slave state farmers, professionals, small business owners

30. Friday October 2, 2015 Please take out your notes from yesterday and glance over them before we take our quiz. Please take out your notes from yesterday and glance over them before we take our quiz.

31. Republican Party 1 st Presidential candidate: John C. Fremont in election of 1856 1 st Presidential candidate: John C. Fremont in election of 1856 Platform: opposed extension of slavery; demanded repeal of Kansas-Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Act Platform: opposed extension of slavery; demanded repeal of Kansas-Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Act 1 st President: Abraham Lincoln elected 1860 1 st President: Abraham Lincoln elected 1860

32. Election of 1856 James Buchanan (D) – Platform: endorsed Kan-Neb Act; better enforcement of Fugitive Slave law; Congress should not interfere w/ slavery James Buchanan (D) – Platform: endorsed Kan-Neb Act; better enforcement of Fugitive Slave law; Congress should not interfere w/ slavery John C. Fremont (R) John C. Fremont (R)

33. Election Results / Significance Buchanan won Buchanan won Voting along sectional lines: Voting along sectional lines: Dem’s won 14 slave, 5 free states Dem’s won 14 slave, 5 free states Rep’s won 11 free states (not on ballot in slave states) & 1/3 of popular votes Rep’s won 11 free states (not on ballot in slave states) & 1/3 of popular votes

34. Check Points 1. Which issue prompted the formation of the Republican Party? 1. Which issue prompted the formation of the Republican Party? 2. What was the Party’s platform in regards to slavery? 2. What was the Party’s platform in regards to slavery? 3. Who was the Party’s 1 st Pres. Candidate? 3. Who was the Party’s 1 st Pres. Candidate? Its 1 st President? Its 1 st President?

35. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Circumstances leading to this case: Circumstances leading to this case: Dred Scott slave – taken from Missouri (slave state) into free state to live then back to slave state – sued for his freedom in 1843 after master’s death Dred Scott slave – taken from Missouri (slave state) into free state to live then back to slave state – sued for his freedom in 1843 after master’s death

36. Supreme Court (Taney) Ruling: 1. temporary residence in free state did not make 1. temporary residence in free state did not make Scott free Scott free 2. slaves property, not citizens; could not sue 2. slaves property, not citizens; could not sue 3. no African American could be a citizen 3. no African American could be a citizen 4. Congress could not ban slavery anywhere b/c 4. Congress could not ban slavery anywhere b/c doing so would take away slave owners’ doing so would take away slave owners’ property rights w/o due process of law property rights w/o due process of law ** In effect, MO Comp unconstitutional

37. Reaction to Dred Scott Decision basically said Congress could not exclude slavery - no such thing as a free state Decision basically said Congress could not exclude slavery - no such thing as a free state North & Rep’s enraged: believed “slavocracy” conspiracy existed (majority of justices, including Taney were southerners) North & Rep’s enraged: believed “slavocracy” conspiracy existed (majority of justices, including Taney were southerners) Southerners celebrated decision: said Congress now obligated to protect property of slaveholders w/ federal slave codes Southerners celebrated decision: said Congress now obligated to protect property of slaveholders w/ federal slave codes

38. Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln challenged Douglas for Ill. Senate seat Lincoln challenged Douglas for Ill. Senate seat 7 debates in 1858 7 debates in 1858 Douglas won reelection Douglas won reelection Lincoln gained nat’l attention as result of debates – aided his nomination in 1860 Lincoln gained nat’l attention as result of debates – aided his nomination in 1860

39. John Brown’s Raid Viewed himself as an angel of God, avenging the evil of slavery Viewed himself as an angel of God, avenging the evil of slavery Oct. 1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA (now W VA) Oct. 1859 – Harper’s Ferry, VA (now W VA) Planned to seize federal arsenal w/ hopes of starting an armed slave rebellion Planned to seize federal arsenal w/ hopes of starting an armed slave rebellion

40. What was John Brown’s fate? Brown captured, tried for treason & conspiracy to cause a slave insurrection Brown captured, tried for treason & conspiracy to cause a slave insurrection Found guilty Found guilty Sent to gallows & executed Sent to gallows & executed

41. Reactions to John Brown’s raid Northerners condemned Brown & thought he had gone too far; some in North called him a martyr Northerners condemned Brown & thought he had gone too far; some in North called him a martyr Southerners believed Brown had widespread support in North – esp. among Republicans; in aftermath, rumors of abolitionist conspiracies and slave insurrections spread in slave states Southerners believed Brown had widespread support in North – esp. among Republicans; in aftermath, rumors of abolitionist conspiracies and slave insurrections spread in slave states

42. Significance of John Brown Further alienated South & deepened divisions, distrust & anger between N. and S. Further alienated South & deepened divisions, distrust & anger between N. and S.

43. Check Point 1. Which section of the nation celebrated the Dred Scott decision and why? 1. Which section of the nation celebrated the Dred Scott decision and why? 2. What was John Brown’s plan? 2. What was John Brown’s plan? 3. What was John Brown’s fate? 3. What was John Brown’s fate? 4. How did Southerners react to Brown’s raid? 4. How did Southerners react to Brown’s raid?

44. Election of 1860 Republicans – A. Lincoln – Republicans – A. Lincoln – opposed ext. of slavery Democratic Party divided over slavery: Democratic Party divided over slavery: S. Democrats - J. Breckenridge (KY) – pro-slavery S. Democrats - J. Breckenridge (KY) – pro-slavery N. Democrats - S. Douglas – supported popular sovereignty N. Democrats - S. Douglas – supported popular sovereignty Constitutional Union – John Bell – federal gov’t should support slavery & defend Union Constitutional Union – John Bell – federal gov’t should support slavery & defend Union

45. Election Results Lincoln won Electoral College & 39% of popular vote; 18 free states (not on ballot in any Southern state); won because Democratic Party divided Lincoln won Electoral College & 39% of popular vote; 18 free states (not on ballot in any Southern state); won because Democratic Party divided Breckinridge – 2 nd in electoral vote; swept all slave states except VA, KY, TN (went to Bell) Breckinridge – 2 nd in electoral vote; swept all slave states except VA, KY, TN (went to Bell) Significance/ how did S states react? began to secede from the U.S. (Union) Significance/ how did S states react? began to secede from the U.S. (Union)

46. Confederacy Forms: by Feb 1, 1861, 7 states seceded: SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX Adopted constitution of Confederate States of America (CSA); 1 st Capitol: Montgomery, AL (later Richmond, VA) Adopted constitution of Confederate States of America (CSA); 1 st Capitol: Montgomery, AL (later Richmond, VA) Elected Jefferson Davis President Elected Jefferson Davis President Buchanan’s reaction: no authority to prevent secession; sympathized w/ South; no serious effort to resolve crisis Buchanan’s reaction: no authority to prevent secession; sympathized w/ South; no serious effort to resolve crisis Lincoln’s reaction: announced intention to preserve the Union; did not believe secession was legal; wanted to avoid violence Lincoln’s reaction: announced intention to preserve the Union; did not believe secession was legal; wanted to avoid violence

47. States Seceding After Ft. Sumter Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina Capitol of Confederacy moved to Richmond, Va Capitol of Confederacy moved to Richmond, Va

48. Check Point 1. Who won the election of 1860? 1. Who won the election of 1860? 2. How did Southern states react to his victory? 2. How did Southern states react to his victory? 3. Where was the original capitol of the 3. Where was the original capitol of the Confederacy? Confederacy? 4. Which city became the capitol after Virginia’s 4. Which city became the capitol after Virginia’s secession? secession?

49. Ft. Sumter Falls: Charleston, SC Apr. 12, 1861 Major Robert Anderson’s U.S. forces occupied fort when S.C. seceded & were running low on supplies Major Robert Anderson’s U.S. forces occupied fort when S.C. seceded & were running low on supplies Lincoln’s dilemma: try to resupply fort and risk provoking South or let Southerners take the fort? Lincoln’s dilemma: try to resupply fort and risk provoking South or let Southerners take the fort? Lincoln’s action: notified S.C. he was sending supplies to the fort– food only, no weapons Lincoln’s action: notified S.C. he was sending supplies to the fort– food only, no weapons

50. Ft. Sumter Video Qs 1. Major Anderson was the U.S. military leader at Ft. Sumter. Who was the head of the Confederate troops at Ft. Sumter? 2. What evidence from the video suggests that both the United States and the Confederacy were hesitant to officially start the war? (provide at least 3 pieces of evidence) 3. What was the outcome of the Battle at Ft. Sumter?

51. Bombardment!! The Civil War Begins at Fort Sumter Southerners demanded surrender of fort Southerners demanded surrender of fort Fort’s commander refused Fort’s commander refused Confederates opened fire on fort April 12, 1861 Confederates opened fire on fort April 12, 1861 U.S. forces surrendered U.S. forces surrendered Considered the beginning of the war Considered the beginning of the war Lincoln’s response: Apr. 15 th declared “insurrection” existed and called for 75,000 volunteers to fight against the Confederacy Lincoln’s response: Apr. 15 th declared “insurrection” existed and called for 75,000 volunteers to fight against the Confederacy

52. Check Point Where does the Civil War begin? Where does the Civil War begin?