1. Reform Movements What is the biggest problem that you face?

2. Defined What is a reform movement? When people work together to fix a problem (something unjust or imperfect) in society Make changes for the better

3. Why reform? Why did reform movements happen? Religion: First settlers (North) came for religious reasons. (Quakers = equality) Second Great Awakening: changed religion: – Believed you could go to heaven (salvation) by being a good person. – (Reform = heaven)

4. Why reform? Why did reform movements happen? Politics: Declaration of Independence – Northern states outlawed slavery Bill of Rights Jacksonian Democracy (result of the election of 1824) All meant more rights for men!

5. Reform Movements What were the reform movements and what were their goals? Hospitals and prisons (Dorthea Dix): make them safe and humane places Public Education for all (Horace Mann) Temperance = alcohol is root of social problems needs to be illegal Abolition: end slavery

6. Most Important! What was the most important reform movement? Abolitionist Movement – end slavery! Caused many problems in the North and the South People did not want change: – Threatened the factories and the South’s economy! – Freed slaves meant more competition for jobs

7. Abolitionists Who were the most important abolitionists? First were Quakers William Lloyd Garrison: Massachusetts preacher started The Liberator Frederick Douglass = self educated runaway slave started the North Star Harriet Tubman = “conductor” on the Underground Railroad Grimke sisters: moved to the North to fight for abolition!

8. Map Progression: What do you see? Explain what you see? What do you think this will lead to?

9. How to abolish slavery: How did they plan to achieve their goals? Newspapers spread information about the wrongs of slavery Underground Railroad = system of houses, barns, and buildings where slaves could stay when on the run Speeches, protests, and supported candidates for office (new political parties)

10. Newspapers spread news about the evils of slavery! Slaves ran away with help from abolitionists Angry Southerners sent bounty hunters to the North to catch run away slaves! Angry Northerners spoke out against it! More became abolitionists! Southerners demanded change!

11. Results What were the results of the abolitionist movement? Big problems between the North and the South. More people in the North supported abolition. – Southerners: (relied on slavery) angry that Northerners would not help catch/return slaves. – Demanded a new Fugitive Slave Act to force the North to help.

12. The cycle of slavery and abolition led to violence like the “Tragedy at Christiana”

13. How can a book start a problem? Predict why this book will be very important. Explain why it will based on what you know about the North and the South!

14. Results Continued Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Spread the news about the evils of slavery Read by millions More people became abolitionists!

15. What is being shown? Why will it be important to the conflict between the North and the South?

16. Results Continued What were the results of the abolitionist movement? Abolitionist Movement led creation of a new political party (Republicans). – Chose Lincoln as their candidate for president in 1860. – Lincoln won Southern states seceded (left or broke away from) the Union. Causing the Civil War

17. Other Results Abolitionist Movement led to other reform movements (Women’s Rights) Seneca Falls Convention: First major meeting calling for equal treatment of women. Declaration of Sentiments (modeled after another “Declaration”) http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm