1. Political Ideologies

2. Democracy A type of gov’t which allows citizens to elect their leaders. Other characteristics associated with democracy: freedom of the press freedom of religion innocent until proven guilty

3. Liberalism Simply put, most democracies offer a range of political choices between liberal on the left of the political spectrum and conservative on the right. Liberals generally believe: people are mostly good by nature hence we should enjoy intellectual, religious and economic freedom Liberals opposed the idea of “Divine Right of kings” during the French Revolution

4. Conservatism Conservative philosophy comes from the Latin term “conservare” which means to save traditions and established government & religious institutions. Edmund Burke was one of the original conservative philosophers.

5. Totalitarianism A type of government which demands total obedience of its citizens. The gov’t controls every aspect of life in the country. (ie: Hitler’s Germany, Stalin’s USSR).

6. Capitalism an economic system in which all citizens are free to own their own property and equipment for production. Competition between businesses and industries keeps prices fair and drives the economy. Usually goes hand in hand with democracy (USA, England, France, Canada...)

7. Socialism aims for economic equality and individual freedom believes the community, not wealthy individuals should own the means of production in Canada the NDP has traditionally been our socialist party-it has forced the mainline parties (Liberal & Conservative) to implement socialism

8. Socialism for Canadians For Canadians this translates into a high level of government intervention with (taxes are steep to pay for) Old age & disability pensions Employment insurance Health care Social Assistance

9. Communism An economic system created by Karl Marx in his “Communist Manifesto.” There is no private property. It is taken from the wealthy class (bourgeoisie) by the working class (proletariat) in a revolution. All means of production are henceforth owned by the state (public) – IE: farms, factories and equipment

10. Fascism Fascism is born out of a crisis in a country A “father figure” declares that he has solutions Italy’s Benito Mussolini 1922 - 1945 Germany’s Adolf Hitler 1933 - 1945

11. Fascism looks like Extreme nationalism parades, rallies, banners and flag displays In Germany - belief in a superior race a belief that the state has been cheated and is in need of international justice Minorities can be mistreated if they do not match the template set by dictator

12. Examples of such “castaways” in Nazi Germany: Jews Handicapped Intellectual “weaklings” Political opponents – It wasn’t safe to talk politics

13. Fascism Fascism can lead to militarism Italy took over Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1935 Germany invaded Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland... A dictator takes over and democracy is tossed out - along with many personal freedoms Fascists are opposed to communism

14. Review Of the Political Spectrum Totalitarianism = total dictatorship Totalitarianism tends to live at both (extreme) ends of the spectrum.

15. Canada’s Political Spectrum Conservatism - a tad to the right of centre Liberalism - a tad to the left of centre Socialism (NDP) - stretches a little more to left.

16. Civil Disobedience The act of intentionally breaking the law to protest the laws one considers unjust (bad) Three principles: 1.Does not involve violence 2.Should only be used against laws that are seriously harmful 3.Requires taking responsibility for one’s actions. Must face punishment to show the strength of one’s beliefs.

17. Famous Examples Mohandas Gandhi used non-violent civil disobedience to protest taxing of the poor and discrimination of women and the under privileged Nelson Mandela used non-violent civil disobedience to protest apartheid in South Africa Martin Luther King Jr. used it to fight against segregation in the USA

18. Clayoquot Sound: a Canadian Example Provincial government wanted to log the forest in Clayoquot Sound Protesters organized a “sit-down” where they sat in the middle of the road to block trucks and workers Police had to arrest the protesters 750 people were arrested Caused the government to rethink logging practices and change their policy