1. Memory Encoding and Storing Information

2. Irondale Memory Quiz 1. What is the room number of this classroom? 2. Does the library have the same color floor tiling as this classroom? 3. How many steps are there at the front entrance? (student parking lot) 4. How many murals are suspended from the ceiling in the front lobby? 5. What color is the “lunch money” drop off box? 6. How many basketball hoops are in the varsity gym? 7. What colors are the flags that hang in the cafeteria?(4)

3. What and Why do we remember? Write down the very first memory you can think of! How old were you? What are the barriers to remembering our earliest experiences? – Neural pathways are still developing – Language barrier – Survival responses may take precedence

4. Flashbulb Memories Surprise-induced memorization Hormonal basis hypothesis – Cortisolortisol Reinforcement Theories

5. Informational Processing Model: Encoding, Storage & Retrieval Sensory Memory: very brief memory storage immediately following initial reception of a stimulus. Our senses hold onto memories for fractions of a second. – Iconic Memory : visual sensory memory – Echoic Memory : auditory sensory memory that lasts for 1-2 seconds

6. Sensory Memory: Iconic (Visual) George Sperling : Present stimulus for 50ms to participants George Sperling we “see” more than we can “say” P Y F G V J S A D H B U

7. The Processes of Memory: Encoding First we encode information. – Encoding: the transforming of information so the nervous system can process it. – We encode information through our senses. Acoustic Visual Semantic

8. Write down the number of “F’s” Appearing in the Statement Below. Finished files are the results of years of scientific study combined with the experience of years.

9. How many did you count? 3, 4, 5, 6 ? (acoustic or visual encoding?) Finished files are the results of years of scientific study combined with the experience of years.

10. Instructions will appear on the next slide. Nod your head when you fully understand the instructions.

11. Group 1 FOR EACH OF THE WORDS THAT I AM GOING TO READ, MENTALLY RATE THE USEFULNESS OF THE ITEM, ON A 1-5 SCALE, IF YOU WERE STRANDED ON A DESERT ISLAND.

12. Instructions will appear on the next slide. Nod your head when you fully understand the instructions.

13. GROUP 2 FOR EACH OF THE WORDS THAT I AM GOING TO READ, MENTALLY ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF SYLLABALS FOUND IN THE WORD.

14. The Processes of Memory Storage – Storage: The process by which information is maintained over a period of time. – How much effort was put into encoding?

15. Short-Term Memory Maintenance rehearsal: shallow processing 20 seconds “Rule of 7” (7 +/- 2) Try to remember as many of the following letters as possible. FABCPBSNBCCNNMTV Chunking: the process of grouping items to make them easier to remember. Social Security Numbers Phone Numbers

16. Put Your Pens/Pencils Down and Listen to the List of Words I Read. 5101520 Dream Night Toss Turn Sound Rest Snore Night Slumber Artichoke Comfort Tired Clock Fatigue Silence Dark Quilt Night Bed Sleep

17. Short-Term Memory The Serial Position Effect: we are better able to recall information presented at the beginning and end of a list. Primacy Effect Recency Effect

18. Informational Processing Model: Encoding, Storage & Retrieval

19. Try to remember everything you see and hear.

20. The Processes of Memory Retrieval Retrieval: The process of obtaining information that has been stored in memory. – Information is brought back to mind from storage. – Depends on how information was encoded and stored.

21. No conscious recall C.C. habits Deliberate Explicit Conscious Recall Memory of events in serial form

22. Long-Term Memory: Semantic Memory Semantic Memory: knowledge of language, including its rules, words, and meanings.

23. Long-Term Memory: Episodic Memory Episodic Memory: memory of one’s life, including time of occurrence.

24. Three Stages of Memory: Long-Term Memory Long-Term Memory: information is stored for long periods of time.

25. Long-Term Memory: Procedural Memory Procedural Memory: memory of learned skills that does not require conscious recollection. Skills Habits Classical Conditioning

26. Long-Term Memory: Declarative Memory Declarative Memory: memory of knowledge that can be called forth consciously as needed. Explicit Memory: – deliberate & effortful Implicit Memory: – automatic