1. 1.Where did Christians worship to avoid persecution? 2.Why did Christianity spread easily? 3.Who did Christianity appeal most to? 4.Where do we get most of our knowledge of the life of Jesus of Nazareth? 1.Private homes and catacombs 2.Mass appeal; eternal life; Roman roads 3.The poor and oppressed 4.The Gospels

2. 600-1250

4. The Bedouin nomads inhabited the Saudi Arabian Desert Characteristics would become part of Islam Courage Loyalty to family Warrior skills As time went on, the Arabs started settling into small trading towns

5. By 600, most trade routes had Arabia at the center Mecca was a site of many religious pilgrims Ka’aba – ancient shrine devoted to Abraham Muhammad will be born into this world (570)

6. Born to a powerful merchant family Learned the family business early on Married a business woman 15 years older than himself Took great interest in religion and private meditation At 40, a voice spoke to him

7. Muslims believe God chose Muhammad as the last and greatest prophet Taught that there was only one god and all other gods should be left behind Islam means “submission to the will of Allah” Muslim means “one who has submitted” His family were his first followers By 613, he was publicly preaching in Mecca Initially met with hostility

8. Muhammad left Mecca in 622 because of the hostility he faced The migration to Yathrib (later Medina) became known as the Hijrah In Medina, he becomes a leader with many followers Religious – political – military Holiest cities: Mecca and Medina

9. After 8 years (630), Muhammad marches to Mecca with 10,000 followers Mecca surrenders Muhammad destroys the idols in the Ka’aba Most Meccans will become loyal Muslims Part of the umma Dies 2 years later at 62

10. Five Pillars refers to the major duties of all Muslims. They are: Faith – one God, Muhammad is the messenger Prayer – 5 times daily at specific times, facing Mecca Occasionally they will gather in a mosque (house of worship)

11. Alms – charity Fasting – one month of the year (Ramadan), Muslims don’t eat from sun up to sun down Pilgrimage – Once in their lives, Muslims should perform the hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) VIDEO

12. Allah is the ultimate authority Gabriel spoke to Muhammad on God’s behalf These revelations were written in the Qur’an after Muhammad’s death Only “counts” when read in Arabic, this will unite all Muslims with a common language

13. Muhammad served as the best example of how people should live their lives (Sunna) A body of law (Shari’a) was created based on the Qur’an and the Sunna Governs family, morals, and business relations

14. Presentation Islam Crossword Unit 2A Study Guide

15. 5.What are the five pillars of Islam? 6.What 2 cities are most important in Islam? Toward which do Muslims pray? 7.What does Islam mean? 8.Who do Muslims believe is the last and greatest Prophet? 5.Faith, prayer, charity, pilgrimage, fasting 6.Mecca & Medina; Mecca 7.Submission 8.Muhammad

16. Same God Jesus matters (teacher, not prophet) The Bible provided revelations, but the Qur’an “fixed” the problems and is the final book Heaven and Hell

18. Big problem after Muhammad’s death: No named successor or instructions of how to choose one Led to internal conflict among Muslims Abu-Bakr becomes the first caliph (like the Pope for Catholics)

19. First 4 caliphs after Muhammad All knew Muhammad Based their leadership on the Qur’an and Muhammad’s actions Strife amongst Muslims led to Abu Bakr declaring a jihad on unbelievers and people who broke away 2 meanings (inner struggle and outer) The next 3 will continue the jihad and by 750, Muslims controlled from the Indus to the Atlantic

20. Early victories convinced them that God wanted it Armies: well disciplined with great leaders Coupled with enemies being weak/exhausted Welcomed by the persecuted Treated conquered people well. Did not have to convert, but did have to pay extra taxes Tax-free status for converts

21. After the 4 “rightly guided,” the Umayyads challenged their control Moved the capital to Damascus Lived a rich life Led to a division Shi’a Muslims believe that only Muhammad’s descendants could lead Sunni – followed Umayyads, less strict about leadership (more followers) Sufi – rejected wealth, lived a life of poverty

22. The Umayyads will be the first major empire, reaching from Spain to India After 100 years of ruling, the Abbasids will replace the Umayyads (750) Moved the capital to Baghdad for better access to trade Used a strong bureaucracy to control the Empire Continue control until 1250 (500 years) Many more sects sprang up (Fatimids in Africa) but they were all linked through Islam

23. Finish Ch. 10 Crossword (Quiz tomorrow) Work on Unit 2A Study Guide Students who can show a mostly completed study guide tomorrow will receive an answer key to the study guide Put your notebook together Study guide (40), notes (30), x-words (30)

24. 9.What are the two largest branches of Islam? 10.Which branch is largest? 11.Why did Islam split into 2 branches? 12.What was the name of the first major Muslim Caliphate? 9.Shia and Sunni 10.Sunni 11.Shia believed that only a relative of Muhammad’s was fit to lead them 12.Umayyad

26. Born Muslim Convert People of the Book (Monotheistic) Slaves Muslim cities were designed to aw and will attract thousands Within Muslim societies, there were 4 classes Muslims at birth Converts “People of the Book” (Christians & Jews) & Zoroastrians Slaves Women were more equal than most societies but still expected to submit to men This actually reversed itself as time went on

27. As with the Egyptians, Muslim advances resulted from need Sick rulers wanted good doctors Prayer times and direction required understanding math and astronomy Muhammad had emphasized study and scholarship They translated info from all over the world in the House of Wisdom Scientific advances include the first Algebra book, the Scientific Method, coronary circulation route, and the dissection of cadavers

28. Some tried to blend Greek philosophers with Islam and science Developed the “Ideal Man” Blended some of the best aspects from every culture Persian morals, Arabic faith, Iraqi education, Christian in conduct, Greek in science, etc.

29. Presentation Finish Ch. 10 Crossword (open note Quiz after school) Work on Unit 2A Study Guide Students who can show a mostly completed study guide tomorrow will receive an answer key to the study guide Put your notebook together Study guide (40), notes (30), x-words (30)

30. Finish Ch. 10 Crossword (Quiz tomorrow) Work on religion scavenger hunt Work on Unit 2A Study Guide Students who can show a mostly completed study guide tomorrow will receive an answer key to the study guide Put your notebook together

31. Study Guide40 pts Notes30 pts Vocabulary Crossword (3)30 pts Religion Scavenger Hunt20 pts 120 pts