1. The Birth of Political Parties
Chapter 8 Section 2

2. Big Boy Girl Questions
What Political Parties emerged after Washington’s presidency?
In what ways were these parties different?
What was the result of the election of 1796?

3. What is a political party?
Hamilton’s financial plan started a debate regarding the role of the Federal government and the role of states
The framers of the Constitution did not believe political parties would form
Faction- an organized political group.
James Madison considered factions to be selfish groups.
Thought that a strong national government as provided in the Constitution would prevent the occurrence of factions

4. Who didn’t like factions?
Most founding politicians DID NOT like the idea of political parties or factions.
Among them:
Jefferson, Hamilton and Madison
Washington especially against them
Predicted that factions would destroy “the best fabric of human government and happiness.

5. How the parties emerged
Arguments over Hamilton’s National Bank surfaced new disagreements regarding the role of the Federal government.
The Two Major Parties and their Leaders:
1. Federalists
2. Democratic Republicans

6. Federalists emphasize order over freedom
Led by Hamilton
Believed wealthy and educated should lead
Favored strong central government
Loose interpretation of Constitution
Pro-British
Favored National Bank
Emphasized manufacturing, shipping and trade
Favored Protective tariff
Federalists emphasize order over freedom

7. Democratic Republicans
Were led by Thomas Jefferson
Believed people should have political power
Favored strong state government
Favored strict interpretation of government
Emphasized agriculture
Pro-French
Opposed National Bank
Opposed protective tariff
Democratic Republicans emphasize
freedom over order.

8. What people were saying…
“I am a Federalist, the friend of order, of government, and of the present administration.” - Federalist
“Are not some amongst us… advocates for monarchy and aristocracy? Are not the principles of all such people hostile to the principles of the constitution?” –Democratic Republican

9. Who do you agree with? Human Graph: (2 sides only)
Federalists: “We should not support France in their revolution. It’s not our problem and we don’t have the power or wealth to support them.”
Democratic Republicans: “We should support France in their Revolution since they helped us in our own. It’s only fair, and liberty is a cause worth fighting for beyond our own nation.”
Human Graph: (2 sides only)
Federalists: “The wealthy elite of society possess the education to lead the nation. The average man is not educated enough to make decisions for the country and should not lead.”
Democratic Republicans: “The elite of society should not make decisions for the average man since they are removed from the common problems of everyday life. The average man is the foot-soldier of democratic society.”

10. Under Washington
Washington usually sided with Hamilton, as he developed a close bond with him throughout the Revolutionary war
Hamilton was his personal assistant
Washington was therefore Federalist, just as Hamilton was

11. Election of 1796
Washington leaves office after two terms, setting an important precedent
Next election in 1796 was between Thomas Jefferson (former Secretary of State) and John Adams, Vice President

12. Democratic Republican
The Election of 1796 was to select the 2nd president of the United States after George Washington.
The race was between:
Election of 1796
Thomas Jefferson
John
Adams VS
Democratic Republican
Federalist

13. Election of Results
1st Place became President, 2nd place became Vice President.
Today, President and VP run as a ticket. Not the case back then.
Adams won for the Federalists
Jefferson became Vice-President as a Democratic Republican
Why is this important that there is both a Federalist and Democratic Rep?

14. Electoral Map for Election 1796