1. How were the diplomacy tactics of Roosevelt different from Wilson’s? Russo-Japanese War Roosevelt Corollary Dollar Diplomacy Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Problems in Mexico

2. Russo-Japanese War 1904 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia declared war on Japan Both imperialist powers competing for control of Korea

4. Japanese surprise attacked Russian Pacific fleet and destroyed it Japan then destroyed second fleet sent as reinforcement Japan won a series of land battles, securing Korea and Manchuria As result, Japan began running out of men and money

5. Japanese officials approached Roosevelt in secret and asked him to mediate peace negotiations

6. He agreed and in 1905, Russian and Japanese delegates convened at Portsmouth, New Hampshire The first meeting took place in the President’s yacht

7. Japanese wanted Sakhalin Island and a large sum of money from Russia Russia refused Roosevelt persuaded Japan to accept half of the island and forgo the cash payment Russia agreed to let Japan take over Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea

8. The successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth won Roosevelt the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize

9. As US and Japanese interest expanded in East Asia, the two nations continued diplomatic talks In later agreements, they pledged to respect each other’s possessions and interest in East Asia and the Pacific

10. U.S. and Latin America Financial factors drew US into Latin American affairs Latin American nations had borrowed from European banks to build railroads and develop industries Roosevelt feared that if these nations defaulted on their loans, European nations would intervene

11. He was determined to make US predominant power in the Caribbean and Central America

12. Remember the Monroe Doctrine? He reminded them of the Monroe Doctrine in which European nations couldn’t interfere Latin American affairs

14. Roosevelt based his Latin America policy on a West African proverb that said, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

15. Roosevelt Corollary in 1904 Added to the Monroe Doctrine U.S. may use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America “international police power”

16. Involvement in Latin American Affairs 1911 – Nicaragua has rebellion that leaves the nation near bankruptcy Taft arranged for bankers to loan money in exchange for control of Nicaragua’s railroad and its national bank

17.  People revolt against their president, Adolfo Diaz because of this

18. 2,000 marines were sent to Nicaragua Revolt was put down, but marines remained in the country until 1933

19. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy The Taft administration followed the policy of using the U.S. government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American businesspeople The policy was called Dollar diplomacy by critics and was often used to justify keeping European powers out of Caribbean

20. Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Moral responsibility to deny recognition of Latin American gov. viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to US interest Before, US recognized any government that controlled a nation  Pressured nations in Western Hemisphere to establish democratic governments

21. Mexican Revolution Porfirio Diaz Porfirio Diaz Dictator for 3 decades Encouraged foreign investments

22. As a result, foreigners owned large share of Mexican oil wells, mines, railroads, and ranches Foreign investors, some Mexican landowners, and politicians had grown rich, the common people of the country were poor.

23. Francisco Madero Francisco Madero 1911 – he and followers overthrow Diaz promised democratic reforms

24. General Victoriano Huerta General Victoriano Huerta Took over after 2 years of Madero’s rule Wilson refused to recognize his government

25. Intervention in Mexico “watchful waiting” April 1914 - Huerta’s officers arrested a small group of American sailors Mexicans quickly released them and apologized but Wilson used the incident as excuse to send marines to occupy Veracruz

26. 18 Americans and at least 200 Mexicans died during the invasion and it brought the US and Mexico close to war

27. It was proposed that Huerta step down and that US troops withdraw without paying Mexico for damages Mexico rejected the plan, and Wilson refused to recognize a government that had come to power as a result of violence

28. Huerta regime collapsed and Venustiano Carranza, a nationalist leader, became president in 1915 Wilson withdrew the troops and formally recognized the Carranza government

29. Rebellion in Mexico Francisco “Pancho” Villa Francisco “Pancho” Villa

30. Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata “it is better to die on your feet than live on your knees”

31. Villa’s followers raided Columbia, New Mexico, and killed 17 Americans Americans demanding revenge, Wilson ordered Brigadier General John J. Pershing and a force of about 15,000 soldiers into Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive

32. As Wilson sends national guardsmen, Mexicans become angry about “US Invasion”  In June 1916, US troops clashed with Carranza’s army, resulting in deaths on both sides As neither back down, war seems imminent

33. The US facing war in Europe needed peace on it’s southern border In February 1917, Wilson ordered Pershing to return home Later, Mexico adopted a constitution that gave the government control of the nation’s oil and mineral resources and placed strict regulations on foreign investors

34. Carranza failed to carry out many of the reforms in the new constitution and lead oppressively until 1920 1920: Alvaro Obregon came to power Marked the end of civil war Beginning of reform

35. U.S. intervention in Mexican affairs provided a clear model of American imperialist attitudes in the early years of the 20th century Americans believed in the superiority of free-enterprise democracy, and the American government attempted to extend the reach of this economic and political system, even through armed intervention