2. 1. What were the underlying issues which led Luther to post his 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg? 2. Why did many different people support the break from the Catholic Church? 3. What was the impact of Luther’s work both in the German states and throughout Europe?

3. * Main Issues: 1. (1500) The Church (Catholic Church) was getting tons of $ and power from large donations. (issue with Tetzel and the selling of indulgences) 2. Great Western Schism divided the people. 3. Black Plagues devastated the population. 4. Pope Leo X raised money to build the St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome= big problemo! (por que?) 5. Peasants grow restless…why?

4. * Originally a man of faith, study, and self-denial (no wife) * Catholic monk * Believed in concept of salvation by faith alone (transubstantiation (“hocus pocus”) vs. consubstantiation (where communion is only symbolic) * 2 Big Issues with The Church: 1. Selling of Indulgences 2. Bible in vernacular and the final authority in spiritual matters

5. * 95 issues related to the selling of indulgences and the church’s corrupt power structure. * Nailed them to the castle church door in Wittenberg, Germany on 10/31/1517 * Originally written in Latin (significance?) * Sparks a religious debate!

6. * German princes supportive of Pope called Luther to a meeting known as the Diet of Worms (1521). * Luther was ordered to take back what he’d said, but he refused. * Luther forced to go into hiding * Protected by supportive German princes (Frederick the Wise).

7. * Luther wants reform, not to create a new religious sect. * Luther is excommunicated by Pope (he burns it in protest). * Luther later marries a former nun. (nun pun) * Translates the Bible into German (vernacular language of the people!)

9. * Luther inspires John Calvin (Calvinism)- predestination * Rise of the Anabaptists (Adult baptizers). * Peasant’s Revolt (1524)- heavy taxes leads to poverty and revolt, peasants want to abolish serfdom. * The European Church is now permanently split between Catholics and Protestants.

10. 30 Years’ War: - Protestants and Catholics fought one another

11. 1. What were the underlying issues which lead Luther to post his 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg? 2. Why did many different people support the break from the Catholic Church? 3. What was the impact of Luther’s work both in the German states and throughout Europe?

12. Directions: In groups of 4-5, read and analyze the primary sources. Then list explanations for the growing separation between the people and the Church during the Protestant Reformation.