1. America First Committee Charles A Lindberg
United States Reacts to War Debate 1940: Isolationist or Internationalist
Isolationists
America First Committee
Charles A Lindberg
“Intervention is detrimental to American interests”
Internationalists
Committee to Defend America
Best way to keep US out of war is to Help allies fight the Germans
Roosevelt is sympathetic

2. FDR Aids the Allies
Summer 1940 FDR asks congress to allow trade of 50 destroyers in exchange for 99 year leases for bases in the Atlantic
Although population does not want to enter the war, 73% support aid to Britain.

3. 1941 Lend Lease 1941 Lend Lease: Program to offer aid to Brits
FDR in a “Fireside Chat” “If a neighbor’s home were on fire…”
“lease, lend or otherwise dispose of” any items not vital to the nation’s defense.
US is closer to the War- (US Ships secretly were supporting the British Navy by searching and reporting on U-boat locations)
Hitler afraid to attack American Ships

4. Atlantic Charter AUGUST 14, 1941
The President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world.
First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;
Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned;
Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them;
Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity;
Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security;
Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want;
Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;
Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measure which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments.

5. Election of 1940 then the Draft
FDR decides to Run for a third term
The Nation Needs emergency situation:
War in Europe
Problems in Asia
Wants to protect New Deal reforms
Ran against Wendell Willkie
FDR Wins- then begins the process
Prepare for War:
Draft
Armament build up

6. FDR Wins Unprecedented 3rd Term

7. Four Freedoms
“The first is freedom of speech and expression--everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way--everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want--which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants-everywhere in the world.
The fourth is freedom from fear--which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor--anywhere in the world.”

8. Significance of “Four Freedoms” Speech
Represents FDR’s view that America needs to prepare for war and support Britain.
FDR Prepares for War
Increased Military appropriations
Aliens are fingerprinted
Peace time draft to raise 2 million troops

9. Key Ideas: America’s Response to Pearl Harbor and War
US had started to prepare 1940
Airplane production/design
Draft/Selective Service-1940
Build the “Arsenal of Democracy”-Harness the Industrial and Economic power of the US- and focus it toward War.
Focus on building War material- Speficially Air power, Bombers, B17, B24, B29
Germany was the biggest threat, Focus of first phase of War
Then Japan

10. Meeting Before the War Before US enters War: August, 1941 Newfoundland
Secret, FDR and Churchill meet to coordinate
Create the Atlantic Charter (a statement of principles agreed upon)
Condemned Aggression
Endorsed National Self Determination

11. Pearl Harbor
American Reaction to Pearl Harbor American reaction to Pearl Harbor was swift and violent. 
Immediate calls for war and revenge were heard throughout the country. 
Congress declared war and thousands of soldiers volunteered to fight. 
Americans were mad and they would never forget the treachery of the Japanese.

12. Japan Offensive
Hitler and Mussolini both declared war on the United States as a sign of support for the Japanese.
Japan Attacks Polynesian Asia Immediately following the attack on Pearl Harbor Japanese forces began a systematic invasion of the Pacific.  Malaysia, Singapore, Burma, French Indochina, and the Philippines were overrun.  American forces in the Philippines were outnumbered and overwhelmed by Japanese forces.
12,000 American prisoners were taken in the fall of the last Philippine strong hold called Bataan.
“Bataan Death March”

13. American “Arsenal of Democracy”
America Mobilizes for War= (WPB)
War Production Board- goal is to transform industrial production to War production, organize all industrial output
Board had much power to control resources:
Limited civilian goods- Rationing of food, fuel…
Cars stopped being produced
Conservation and recycle movement, rubber, metal, grease,

14. “Arsenal of Democracy”
$320 Billion government spending
Huge amount was 6 times that of Roosevelt’s first two terms.

15. Financing the War Taxes increase Income Loans/War Bonds
million people file taxes
million people file taxes
Government starts a withholding $ from workers
Loans/War Bonds
$100 billion in bonds sold

16. Internment of Japanese Americans
Japanese immigrants had increased in the United States with the since early 1900
When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor a great backlash was directed at Japanese Americans

17. Japanese Relocation 120,000 Japanese lived on the West coast
Were accused of potentially aiding Japanese espionage
Some people, racist, and wanted to use the opportunity to take Japanese land
February 1942 FDR signed an executive order
“Remove any and all persons who might pose a threat to national security.”
Camps (Manzanar) were set up in the deserts of

18. Japanese Internment Camps
Japanese were relocated in Camps:
Some Japanese sued for their rights:
Korematus v. the United States
Supreme Court upheld the
Internment of the Japanese

19. War in Europe Allies agreed that Europe was first priority
North Africa-November 1942
1942 Bombing campaign against Germany begun
1942- Sicily-
September 1943 Italy Surrenders (German Army occupies and holds Northern Italy)
1944 Rome Falls
June 6, 1944 D-Day- Allied Invasion of Normandy France, the Second Front is opened.
December 16, 1944 Battle of the Bulge (German counter attack in the Ardennes Forrest, 200K Germans attack Allies)
May 7, 1945 Germany Surrenders (Hitler is dead, Russians conquer Berlin)- May 8, 1945 V-E Day

20. War in the Pacific
Strategy of Island Hopping: bypass some islands controlled by Japanese and attack specific islands, to obtain air bases in an effort to bomb Japan more efficiently and to build up forces in an effort to invade Japan.
1942 Major victory at Midway Island US takes out Japanese aircraft carriers
Timeline of WWII (everything you wanted to know and more)

21. Women and the War Rosie the Riveter:
Women go to work in munitions factories, other jobs, and the military

22. Wartime Conferences
FDR (and later Truman) will coordinate the effort with Allied leaders Churchill, and later Stalin
Casablanca-1943 FDR, Churchill, agreed on war aims: Sicily invasion, Unconditional Surrender- of Japan and Germany
Cairo FDR and Churchill, Chiang Kai-shek- discussed war aims in Asia, Japan will lose all islands acquired, Korea independent
Teheran-1943 The “Big Three” discussed 2nd front in Europe (France), Postwar Germany,
Yalta-February 1945 “Big Three” Discussed the fate of Poland, Stalin asserted need for “Buffer Zone” and sphere of influence; Stalin promised to allow free elections; planned for the division of Germany after the war; Stalin promised to declare war on Japan in exchange for Japanese land/Kurile Islands; (FDR is dying and will be criticized for being manipulated by Stalin and “selling out” Eastern Europe to the Russians.
Potsdam- Germany, July 1945, FDR dead, Truman, Churchill gone, new Brit- Clement Atlee, Stalin- discussed boundaries for Germany, German resources would pay for the war,

23. “GI Bill of Rights”
GI is the term used for American soldiers in WWII. (G.I. means General Issue)
The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act
Provided veterans a series of benefits:
Low interest loans for homes, business, and farms
Aid for education

24. FDR Dies April 12, 1945 FDR dies and Harry Truman takes over
FDR was elected to an unprecedented 4 terms
He was a extremely beloved leader.
“Roosevelt had filled their lives through depression and war for more than a dozen years, allying their years and giving them hope. Now he was gone…”
Election of 1944 running mate Harry S. Truman, from Missouri, a Democratic Senator, becomes President.

25. Atomic Bomb Production
FDR authorized a secret program code named “Manhattan Project”
1943, J. Robert Oppenheimer, led the team of physicists to develop and atomic weapon, to split the atom
Los Alamos, New Mexico
July 1945, the bomb was ready (Truman had no idea any bomb like this was being worked on, when he took office)
September 2, 1945 VJ Day

26. Nagasaki, Japan
Before the atomic bomb
After the atomic bomb