1. The Great Encounter

2.  Take out a blank sheet of paper.  Read “Fact or Opinion” in the yellow folders, then answer the questions on the blank paper.  Where should your backpack be? This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!

3.  History Objective – We will prepare for tomorrow’s exam by reviewing the study guide.  Behavior Objective – Participation & Work Ethic: We will listen to each questions, answer the ones given to us, and write the important details in our notes.  Language Objective – We will listen to, give answers and write the important details from the activity.

4. 1. What was "The Great Encounter?" Was it great for everyone? It was when Native Americans met non-Indians for the first time, and it was not “great” for the N.A.as the Europeans brought diseases that killed millions, took their land, and marginalized their culture. 1) 2) 3)

5. 2. What was the result of Christopher Columbus’s voyages to the Americas? People in Europe realized the Americas existed and began to conquer and colonize them. Most Native American cultures suffered as a result of this contact.

6. 4. How did the Spanish learn about the Southwestern part of what is now the United States? By sending explorers, map makers, and trading expeditions through the Southwest to learn about the land and its peoples.

7. 7. Name three things that Spanish priests would have taught Native Americans at a mission. 1)Catholic religion 2)European farming 3)Spanish language 4)Spanish customs and culture

8. 10. Who were Silvestre and Joaquin? Ute Indians who guided the Dominguez and Escalante expedition through Utah.

9. 12. Was their (Dominguez & Escalante) expedition a success? Why or why not? Yes and no. They did not reach their destination but they brought back valuable information about the land that is now Utah that would later be used to create the Old Spanish Trail.

10. 21. Write two interesting facts about each of these Mountaineers. Jedediah Smith 1)Had his ear and scalp ripped off by a bear, but survived. 2)Discovered that no rivers went from the Great Salt Lake to the Pacific Ocean.

11. 21) Continued:  Peter Skene Ogden  His diary is one of the earliest accounts of N. Utah  Ogden River and Ogden City are named in his honor.  Jim Bridger  Opened a trading post in Wyoming, Fort Bridger  Though he had found the Pacific Ocean, it was GSL  James Beckwourth  African American mountaineer, moved west to avoid slavery.  Wrote an exaggerated book about his life.  Etienne Provost  Provo River and city are named in his honor.  Opened trading posts for Indians, nearly was killed in an ambush  Antoine Robidoux  Worked with Provost, spoke 5 languages  Also opened trading posts in the Uintah Basin, left his name carved in a rock  Joseph R. Walker  Became a popular guide for pioneers after the mountain man era  Wrote a guide for pioneers that many used to find trails to go West

12. 25. How did the horse change Native American’s lifestyle in good and bad ways. Explain both sides!!! For tribes like the Ute and Shoshoni, it made them very powerful, able to take over other tribes land, and participate in the slave trade with Mexico. They could also hunt animals from horse back. For tribes like the Goshute and Paiute, the horse destroyed delicate plants and used too much water for their desert home. They suffered because other tribes used the horse to take advantage of them. The Navajo used them to herd sheep and to defend their land.

13. 26. Who was Walkara? A Ute who became powerful because of his successful raids for slaves. He later became one of the most powerful Indian leaders in Utah.

14. 30. What is a fact? A fact is something that can be proven, such as “It snows in Utah.”

15. 31. What is an opinion? An opinion is something a person believes, but cannot always prove, such as “Utah’s snow is better than Colorado’s”. It may or may not be true because it is a matter of taste.

16. 32. Why is it important to be able to tell fact from opinion, especially when studying history? There are many reasons. One is that people often get a biased view of an event, person, people, culture, etc. because they listen to opinions about that culture and do not investigate it for themselves.