1. Chapter 10 sections 3 and 4 (Mostly 4) Medieval Europe

2. Architecture of the High Middle Ages There was an explosion of building during the late, or high middle ages. There was an explosion of building during the late, or high middle ages. What do you think was built the most? What do you think was built the most? Yup…………Churches Yup…………Churches Romanesque, and Gothic were two of these styles Romanesque, and Gothic were two of these styles

3. Romanesque Church (Basilica)

4. Gothic Style

6. Universities The birthplace of Universities is in Europe The birthplace of Universities is in Europe The first one was located in Bologna (yes I said Bologna) The first one was located in Bologna (yes I said Bologna) Another famous university was in Oxford, England. Another famous university was in Oxford, England. By 1500 over 80 universities were found in Europe By 1500 over 80 universities were found in Europe Not this type of Bologna

7. Students at University

8. University of Bologna

9. University of Oxford

10. What did they study? Good Question. Can you guess what the most highly regarded subject matter to earn a degree in was? Good Question. Can you guess what the most highly regarded subject matter to earn a degree in was? Theology- The study of religion and God. Theology- The study of religion and God. Scholasticism- Trying to reconcile faith and reason. The goal was to harmonize Christianity with the teachings of Aristotle who used reason. Scholasticism- Trying to reconcile faith and reason. The goal was to harmonize Christianity with the teachings of Aristotle who used reason.

11. Section 4: Late Middle Ages BIG IDEA: BIG IDEA: Disastrous forces overwhelmed Europe in the fourteenth century with lasting consequences.

12. The Black Death This was the most catastrophic disasters in European History This was the most catastrophic disasters in European History Bubonic plague was the most common form of the black death Bubonic plague was the most common form of the black death It was spread by rats infested with fleas carrying a deadly bacterium It was spread by rats infested with fleas carrying a deadly bacterium It originated in Caffa on the Black Sea, and spread throughout Europe It originated in Caffa on the Black Sea, and spread throughout Europe

15. It Spreads The disease usually followed trade routes The disease usually followed trade routes 1347-1351 practically the entire continent was affected by the outbreak 1347-1351 practically the entire continent was affected by the outbreak Out of 75 million Europeans, nearly half of the population died during that 5 year period Out of 75 million Europeans, nearly half of the population died during that 5 year period Some cities had nearly 60% of its people die, while some towns and villages completely disappeared! Some cities had nearly 60% of its people die, while some towns and villages completely disappeared!

17. Social and Economic Impact People could not explain the plague, and thought that God sent it to punish them People could not explain the plague, and thought that God sent it to punish them This also led to Anti-Semitism- hostility towards Jews This also led to Anti-Semitism- hostility towards Jews Jews were blamed for the plague, and were attacked. Jews were blamed for the plague, and were attacked. Most attacks were in Germany, and many Jews fled to Poland where the King protected them. Most attacks were in Germany, and many Jews fled to Poland where the King protected them.

18. Other effects Trade declined Trade declined Labor shortages Labor shortages Cost of labor increased Cost of labor increased Falling cost of food, as demand decreased Falling cost of food, as demand decreased Landlords had to pay more for labor, and workers could now bargain to rent instead of owing services Landlords had to pay more for labor, and workers could now bargain to rent instead of owing services This led to freedom from Serfdom This led to freedom from Serfdom

19. Decline of Church Power During the 1200’s and 1300’s, battles between Kings and Popes led to much political strife in the Church. During the 1200’s and 1300’s, battles between Kings and Popes led to much political strife in the Church. Corruption was high, and different popes around Europe called other Popes Antichrists Corruption was high, and different popes around Europe called other Popes Antichrists People began to lose faith in the papacy and the Church in general. People began to lose faith in the papacy and the Church in general.

20. Decline of Power By the early 1400’s the church had lost much power. By the early 1400’s the church had lost much power. Christianity was still very important to medieval life, but did not have the same authority spiritually or politically as it used to have Christianity was still very important to medieval life, but did not have the same authority spiritually or politically as it used to have

21. The Hundred Years War 1337-1453 England vs. France 1337-1453 England vs. France King Edward III vs. King Philip VI of France King Edward III vs. King Philip VI of France They were disputing possession of the duchy of Gascony. (A region in SW France) They were disputing possession of the duchy of Gascony. (A region in SW France) The English began using foot soldiers as well as knights to win many early battles. The English began using foot soldiers as well as knights to win many early battles. These “foot soldiers” also used the Longbow for the first time in battle in stead of the crossbow. These “foot soldiers” also used the Longbow for the first time in battle in stead of the crossbow.

23. The Longbow allowed the English to decimate the French who relied on the crossbow. The longbow could fire many arrows per minute while the crossbow could only fire a few shots per minute. The Longbow allowed the English to decimate the French who relied on the crossbow. The longbow could fire many arrows per minute while the crossbow could only fire a few shots per minute.

24. Crecy and Agincourt These were two of the major battles that the English won. These were two of the major battles that the English won. Crecy was in 1346 which the English won. Crecy was in 1346 which the English won. They were unable to conquer all of France, but they kept trying They were unable to conquer all of France, but they kept trying Battle of Agincourt in 1415 gave the English still more territory in France Battle of Agincourt in 1415 gave the English still more territory in France

25. Joan of Arc She was a very religious daughter of a prosperous peasant family She was a very religious daughter of a prosperous peasant family She apparently had “visions” that guided her. She apparently had “visions” that guided her. Helped lead an army against the English at the battle of Orleans to victory Helped lead an army against the English at the battle of Orleans to victory She was unfortunately captured by the English and brought up on charges of witchcraft She was unfortunately captured by the English and brought up on charges of witchcraft She was condemned to death. She was condemned to death.

27. Wars End Joan helped swing the tide of the war in the favor of the French Joan helped swing the tide of the war in the favor of the French English defeats in Normandy and Aquitaine led to victory for the French in 1453 that ended the war. English defeats in Normandy and Aquitaine led to victory for the French in 1453 that ended the war. Another reason for the French victory was their use of the new weapon called a “cannon” Another reason for the French victory was their use of the new weapon called a “cannon” The invention, or discovery of gunpowder made this weapon possible. The invention, or discovery of gunpowder made this weapon possible.

28. Political Recovery Due to the black death, and the hundred years war, Europe was in disarray during the 1200’s and 1300’s Due to the black death, and the hundred years war, Europe was in disarray during the 1200’s and 1300’s New Monarchy’s were able to reestablish powerful central governments in the 1400’s. These came to be known the New Monarchies. New Monarchy’s were able to reestablish powerful central governments in the 1400’s. These came to be known the New Monarchies. The countries of France, England, and Spain were most effected by these changes. The countries of France, England, and Spain were most effected by these changes.

29. France The Hundred years war left France exhausted, but it created a strong sense of Nationalism The Hundred years war left France exhausted, but it created a strong sense of Nationalism King Louis XI also helped the power of the central government (monarchy) return. King Louis XI also helped the power of the central government (monarchy) return. He gained control of more regions in France, and promoted commerce and trade He gained control of more regions in France, and promoted commerce and trade

30. England The Hundred years war put a huge toll on England’s population and their economy The Hundred years war put a huge toll on England’s population and their economy The War of the Roses also erupted within England, between many nobles vying for power. The War of the Roses also erupted within England, between many nobles vying for power. Henry VII finally established power in 1485. Henry VII finally established power in 1485. He ended the war with the nobles, and won their favor by keeping taxes reasonable, and not spending too much money himself. He ended the war with the nobles, and won their favor by keeping taxes reasonable, and not spending too much money himself.

31. Spain Much of Spain had been under Muslim control since 725. Much of Spain had been under Muslim control since 725. Many Christian Kingdoms within Spain fought back and established powerful kingdoms despite Muslim power Many Christian Kingdoms within Spain fought back and established powerful kingdoms despite Muslim power Aragon and Castile were 2 very powerful Kingdoms Aragon and Castile were 2 very powerful Kingdoms Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon, and helped unify Spain Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon, and helped unify Spain They eventually expelled all Muslims, and Jews, and made everyone in Spain conform to Catholicism. To be Spanish, was to be Catholic. They eventually expelled all Muslims, and Jews, and made everyone in Spain conform to Catholicism. To be Spanish, was to be Catholic.