1. 1-2 Looking Inside Cells
Organelle- A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell (Tiny Organs)

2. Cell Wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants(not Animals)
Protects and supports the cell
Made of cellulose (Tough yet flexible material)

3. Cell Membrane All cells have cell membranes
Controls which substances can enter or leave a cell
All cells have cell membranes
In cells with cell walls, the membrane lies just inside the cell wall. In all others, it forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from the outside
Lets what the cell needs in, and what it doesn’t want out, through openings (pores)

4. Nucleus
A structure that contains the instructions that direct all the cell’s activities
Cell’s control center or “Brain”
Nuclear Membrane- protects the nucleus
Materials pass in and out through pores

5. In the Nucleus
Chromatin- Material in cells that contains DNA and carries genetic information
Tiny strands floating in the nucleus
Contain genetic information that direct the functions of the cell
Nucleolus- Where ribosomes are made
Ribosomes are where protein is made

6. Parts of the Nucleus
Nuclear
Membrane

7. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm- The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Cytoplasm is always moving
Clear, thick, gel-like fluid

8. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Mitochondria- Produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell’s functions
Called the “powerhouses” of the cell
Muscle cells have many of them

9. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-
A maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another
Ribosomes-
A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made
Also found attached to ER
Protein Factories

10. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Golgi Bodies-
Receives proteins and materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell
The Cell’s Mailroom
Also release materials outside the cell

11. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts-
Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food
ONLY IN PLANTS
These give plants their green color
Green due to Chlorophyll

12. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Vacuoles- Storage area of cells
Most plants have a very large water vacuole
Lysosome-
Contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones
CLEAN UP CREW
More common in animal cells

13. Bacterial Cells
Very different from plant and animal cells (much smaller)
Have cell wall and cell membrane
NO NUCLEUS
Contain ribosomes, but no other organelles found in plants or animals

14. Specialized Cells
Cells are very different from each other in size and structure
Each cell is designed to do it’s job in the organism