1. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture prepared by Jan Campbell T H E B A S I C S SIXTH EDITION Healthy Relationships and Sexuality: Making Commitments 5 5

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships People Communicate Differently Genderlect: a term coined by Doborah Tannen to categorize the differences in men’s and women’s language patterns Cultures communicate differently Communicating How We Feel is Important Some people have not been raised in “expressive” homes and may not have communication skills

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships Communicating How We Feel is Important (continued) Past communication styles may be different in relationships and a couple may have a difficult time communicating Improving Communication/Improving Relationships Learn to share and self-disclose Learn to listen

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Characteristics of Intimate Relationships Behavioral interdependence mutual impact Need fulfillment social approval and reassurance Emotional attachment feelings of love Emotional availability ability to give and receive

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forming Intimate Relationships Families Family of origin Nuclear family Establishing Friendships Enjoyment Acceptance Understanding

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forming Intimate Relationships Significant Others, Partners, Couples Fascination Exclusiveness Sexual desire Giving Advocate

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forming Intimate Relationships This Thing Called Love Compassionate Passionate There are many different definitions of love. How would you define it?

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Common Experiences of Love Figure 5.1

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gender Issues in Relationships Differences in Communication Styles Picking Partners Similarities Reciprocity Physical attraction What do you look for when picking a partner?

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Overcoming Barriers to Intimacy Dysfunctional Families Inhibits psychological growth, self-love Obstacles to health Jealousy in Relationships Overdependence on the relationship High value placed on sexual exclusivity Severity of the threat Low self-esteem Fear of losing control

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Committed Relationships Marriage Monogamy Serial monogamy Open relationships Cohabitation Common-law marriage

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Committed Relationships Gay and Lesbian Partnerships Significant increase in 2000 census – three times the reported number in 1990 Probably much higher than reported Staying Single 37 % of American men 41% of American women

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Success in Relationships Partnering Scripts Most children are raised with a strong script of what is expected of them as adults Society provides constant reinforcement for traditional couples People who have not chosen an “appropriate” partner may experience a great deal of stress

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Success in Relationships Being Self-Nurturant Accountability Accepting responsibility for personal decisions, choices, actions Self-Nurturance Developing individual potential through a balanced and realistic appreciation of self-worth and ability Having Children or Not?

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 5.1

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings When Relationships Falter When and Why Relationships End Half of all marriages end Many dating relationships will end Some end because of illness, finances, unmet expectations Coping with Loneliness Reflecting can help prevent similar mistakes

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Building Better Relationships Elements of Healthy Relationships Predictability Dependability Faith Partners interpret each other’s behavior and mood Partners find each other interesting and have similar interests

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Building Better Relationships Elements of Healthy Relationships (continued) Sexual intimacy Shared history and a cherished history

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Your Sexual Identity Facts All eggs carry an X chromosome Sperm carry an X or a Y chromosome Estrogen and progesterone are the female hormones Testosterone is the male hormone Sex hormones play a major role in puberty Pituitary gland-gonadotrophins Secondary sex characteristics

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Your Sexual Identity Sex – biological condition Gender – psychosocial condition Gender roles Gender identity Gender-role stereotyping Androgyny Socialization

21. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings External Female Genital Structures Figure 5.2

22. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology External female genitals-vulva Mons pubis – pad of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone Labia minora – folds of mucous membrane Labia majora – folds of skin and erectile tissue that enclose openings Clitoris – female sexual organ, only known function is pleasure

23. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology External female genitals-vulva (continued) Urethral opening – urine leaves the body Vaginal opening – opening to the vagina Hymen – a thin membrane that may cover the vagina in some women Perineum – the area between the vulva and anus

24. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Side View of the Female Reproductive Organs Figure 5.3

25. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Internal female genitals Vagina – a tubular organ that serves as a passageway from the uterus to the outside of the female body Uterus (womb) – hollow, muscular, pear-shaped Endometrium – inner lining of the uterus, either prepares the uterus for implantation or menstrual flow

26. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Internal female genitals (continued) Fallopian tubes – extending from the uterus, two thin tubes where sperm and egg meet Ovaries – almond-sized structures suspended on either side of the uterus that produce the female hormones

27. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle Endocrine system Hypothalamus Gonadotropin Releasing hormone Follicle – stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Estrogens Progesterone

28. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle (continued) Menarche Ovarian follicles Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Menopause Estrogen replacement therapy

29. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Side View of the Male Reproductive Organs Figure 5.4

30. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology External genitals Scrotum – protects the testes Penis – deposits semen Internal genitals Testes – manufacture testosterone Epididymis – sperm ripen here in a comma shaped structure at the back of the testes

31. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Internal genitals Vasa deferentia – tubules wound in the epididymides Urethra – passes sperm and urine Seminal vesicles – provides fluids to semen Prostate gland – provides fluids to semen Cowper’s glands – secretes fluid that lubricates the urethra

32. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Sexual Response The Process Excitement/arousal – vasocongestion Plateau phase – nipples and penis erect Orgasmic phase – muscles contract Resolution phase – profound relaxation Refractory period – most men unable to become aroused following resolution

33. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Expressing Your Sexuality Sexual orientation Heterosexual Homosexual Bisexual Homophobia Irrational fear or hatred of homosexuality

34. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Expressing Your Sexuality Sexual Behavior: What is “Normal”? Heterosexual standard Coital standard Two-person standard Romantic standard Safer sex standard

35. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Expressing Your Sexuality Sexual Orientation Multifactorial Biological Psychological Socioenvironmental

36. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Expressing Your Sexuality Sexual Expression Celibacy – avoidance or abstention from sex Autoerotic behaviors – sexual fantasy & masturbation Kissing and erotic touching – nonverbal sexual communication

37. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Expressing Your Sexuality Sexual Expression (continued) Oral-genital stimulation Cunnilingus – oral stimulation of the female’s genitals Fellatio – oral stimulation of the male’s genitals Vaginal intercourse – penis into the vagina Anal intercourse – insertion of the penis into the anus

38. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Expressing Your Sexuality Variant Sexual Expression Group sex Transvestism Transsexualism Fetishism

39. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Expressing Your Sexuality Variant Sexual Expression (illegal in some states) Exhibitionism Voyeurism Sadomasochism Pedophilia Autoerotic asphyxiation How many of these variant behaviors have you heard of?

40. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Functioning Sexual Desire Disorder Inhibited sexual desire (ISD) Sexual aversion disorder Sexual Arousal Disorder Erectile dysfunction or impotence Orgasmic disorders

41. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Functioning Sexual Pain Disorder Dyspareunia Vaginismus Seeking Help for Sexual Dysfunction Chose a qualified sex therapist or counselor

42. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Difficulties That Can Hinder Sexual Functioning Drugs and Sex Alcohol can inhibit sexual response Tendency to blame the drug for bad behavior “Date Rape Drugs” Rohypnol (“roofies”) Gamma-hydroxybutrane (GHB)