1. Chapter Twelve: Understanding Sexuality

2. Biological Bases of Human Sexuality
Genetic basis
XX = female
XY = male
Gonadal basis
Structural development
Male genital development
Female genital development
Biological sexuality and the childhood years
Puberty
Females: Menarche
Males

3. Growth and Development of Sexuality
Figure 14-1 Growth and Development of Sexuality

4. Psychosocial Bases of Human Sexuality
Psychosocial sexuality: Masculine and feminine aspects of sexuality
Gender: Biological basis of sexuality
Gender identity: Recognition of one’s gender
Gender preference: Emotional and intellectual acceptance of one’s own gender

5. Psychosocial Bases of Human Sexuality
Gender adoption: The long process of learning the behavior that is traditional for one’s gender
Gender identification: Achievement of a personally satisfying interpretation of one’s masculinity or femininity
Image source: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Jill Braaten, photographer

6. Male Reproductive System
Testes
Sperm development
Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Scrotum
Ducts
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Cowper’s glands
Penis

7. Male Reproductive System
Figure 14-2 The male reproductive system

8. Male Reproductive System
Age-related hormone changes
Male menopause (andropause)
Decrease in level of androgens
Prostate size increases

9. Female Reproductive System
Mons pubis
Labia majora and labia minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries

10. Female Reproductive System
Figure 14-3 The female reproductive system

11. Menstrual Cycle Menstrual phase Preovulation phase
1/4 – 1/2 cup of blood and tissue is sloughed off during a 5-7 day period
Preovulation phase
Lasts about a week
Release of FSH and LH leading to ovulation around day 14
Post-ovulation phase
Build-up of endometrial tissue
Role of progesterone

12. Menstrual Cycle
Figure 14-4 The Menstrual Cycle

13. Related Conditions Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Physical and psychological symptoms that occur in the days just before menstruation
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Severe form of PMS
Fibrocystic breast condition
Excessive secretory activity producing swollen, firm, or hardened tender breast tissue
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation
Menopause
Gradual decline in reproductive system function, usually by late 40s to mid 50s

14. The Human Sexual Response Pattern
Excitement stage – arousal stage
Plateau stage – leveling off of arousal immediately before climax
Orgasmic stage – neuromuscular tension is released
Resolution stage – return of the body to a preexcitement stage

15. Sexual Response Pattern
Figure 15-1 the sexual response in men and women

16. Sexual Response Pattern
Figure 15-1 the sexual response in men and women

17. Differences Between Men and Women in the Sexual Response Pattern
Men are not multiorgasmic
Men reach orgasm quicker during coitus
Women are multiorgasmic
Women reach orgasm as quickly as men during masturbation

18. Patterns of Sexual Behavior
Celibacy
Self-imposed avoidance of sexual intimacy
Masturbation
Self-stimulation of the genitals
Fantasy and erotic dreams
Shared touching
Genital contact
Image source: Ryan McVay/Getty Images

19. Patterns of Sexual Behavior
Oral-genital stimulation
Fellatio (oral stimulation of a male’s genitalia)
Cunnilingus (oral stimulation of a female’s genitalia)
Intercourse
Penile penetration of vagina
Associated with procreation
Anal sex
Performed by both heterosexual couples and gay men

20. Aging and Sexuality
Sexual activity does decline with age but a significant population of older adults remain sexually active
Changes in women:
Vaginal lubrication decreases
Reduction in orgasmic contractions
Changes in men:
Erection process is prolonged
Decrease in contractions at orgasm
Ejaculation decreases in force and volume

21. Bonds Between People Love Intimacy
Emotional attachment of various levels
Intimacy
Sharing of deep feelings

22. Relationships and Lifestyles
Singlehood
Cohabitation
Gay and Lesbian Partnerships
Same-Sex Marriage
Single parenthood
Marriage
Divorce
Half of all marriages end in divorce
Unrealistic expectations

23. Chapter Twelve: Understanding Sexuality