1. Healthy Relationships and Sexuality

2. Characterizing and Forming Intimate Relationships
Behavioral interdependence
Need fulfillment
Emotional attachment
Emotional availability
Need Fulfillment
Intimacy
Social integration
Nurturance
Assistance
Affirmation

3. How Intimate Is a Relationship?

4. Characterizing and Forming Intimate Relationships
Being Self-Nurturant
Accountability
Both partners see themselves as responsible for their own decisions, choices, and actions.
Self-nurturance
Developing individual potential through a balanced and realistic appreciation of self-worth and ability
Families: The Ties That Bind
Family of origin
The people present in our household our first years of life—usually parents and siblings

5. Today’s Changing Families

6. Characterizing and Forming Intimate Relationships
Establishing Friendships
Relationships are between two or more people that involve mutual respect, trust, support and intimacy that may or may not include sexual intimacy.
Significant Others, Partners, and Couples
Fascination
Exclusiveness
Sexual desire
Giving the utmost
Being an advocate or champion

7. This Thing Called Love Theories of Love
Intimacy—closeness, sharing, and mutual support
Passion—lust, attraction, and sexual arousal
Compassion—decision to be open to love in the short term and the commitment to the relationship in the long term
There are many different definitions of love. How would you define it?

8. Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
Moved this slide up! Update the triangle to match 5.3.

9. This Thing Called Love
Anthropologist H. Fisher and others theorize love and attraction based on brain circuitry and chemistry
Imprinting
Attraction
Attachment
Production of a “cuddle chemical” called oxycontin

10. This Thing Called Love Picking Partners
Proximity—being in the same place at the same time
Similarities—“opposites attract” usually isn’t true
Reciprocity—react with mutual regard
Physical attraction
Men tend to be attracted primarily to youth and beauty.
Women tend to be attracted to older mates who are financially stable.

11. Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships
Self-Esteem and Self-Acceptance
Self-concept is the way you define yourself.
Self-esteem is the way you evaluate yourself.
Learning Appropriate Self-Disclosure
Get to know yourself.
Become more accepting of yourself.
Be willing to discuss your sexual history.
Choose a safe context for self disclosure.

12. Gender and Health

13. Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships
Becoming a Better Listener
We listen best when
we believe that the message is somehow important and relevant to us
the speaker holds our attention through humor, dramatic effect, use of media, or other techniques
we are in the mood to listen (free of distractions and worries)

14. Communicating: A Key to Good Relationships
Using Nonverbal Communication
Touch
Gestures
Interpersonal space
Facial expression
Body language
Tone of voice

15. Committed Relationships
Marriage
Monogamy—exclusive sexual involvement with one partner
Serial monogamy—a monogamous sexual relationship with one partner before moving on to the next monogamous relationship
Open relationships—partners agree that there may be sexual involvement for each person outside of the marriage
Cohabitation
A relationship in which two unmarried people live with an intimate connection together in the same household.
Common-law marriage

16. Marital Status of the U.S. Population by Sex

17. Greening Your Wedding
More than 2 million couples get married in the United States every year.
Many wedding service suppliers are providing ecofriendly products and services.
Print invitations on recycled paper.
Choose rings using recycled metals and stones.
Look for gowns made with organic fabrics and textiles.
Avoid toxic chemicals by using paperless imagery and 100 percent electronic image exchange.
Select flowers grown and harvested organically.

18. Committed Relationships
Gay and Lesbian Partnerships
Significant increase in such partnerships in 2000 census— three times the reported number than in the 1990 census
Obtaining the same level of marriage benefits continues to be a challenge, though some U.S. states now recognize same-sex marriage along with several countries.
Staying Single
76.4 percent of women aged 20 to 24 have never been married according to data from 2007.
86.9 percent of men aged 20 to 24 remain unmarried according to data from 2007.

19. ABC News Video: Is There a Gay Gene?
Discussion Questions
Should parents try to find out if their kids are gay early in life? If parents do find out, what should they do about it? Do you think it would affect how they raise their children?
Stereotypes were used by the parents in the clip to identify their children as gay early in life; do you think this is a valid way to identify gay or lesbian children or adults? 19

20. Confronting Couples Issues
Jealousy in Relationships
Overdependence on the relationship
Severity of the threat of jealousy
High value on sexual exclusivity
Low self-esteem
Fear of losing control
Changing Gender Roles
Our modern society has very few gender-specific roles.
Over time, if couples are unable to communicate how they feel about gender roles, the relationship may suffer.

21. Confronting Couples Issues
Sharing Power
Power dynamics between women and men have shifted.
Successful couples have power relationships that reflect their unique needs rather than popular stereotypes.
Unmet Expectations
An extension of our values, beliefs, hopes, and dreams for the future
Partners in healthy relationships can communicate wants and needs.
What do you look for when picking a partner?

22. Having Children… Or Not?
Factors to Consider
Relationships change when a couple decides to have children.
Resources and attention are split.
Existing stressors in a relationship are further accentuated when parenting is added to existing responsibilities.
Having a child is not a cure for a bad relationship, and may actually increase stressors on the relationship.
Blended Families
Nearly half a million children each year become part of a blended family.
Those other than heterosexual couples are now parenting.

23. Having Children… Or Not?
Common Parenting Styles
Authoritarian—“giving orders”
Permissive—“giving in”
Assertive–Democratic—“giving choices”

24. Healthy versus Unhealthy Relationships
Up date table with Table 5.5

25. When Relationships Falter
When and Why Relationships End
Illness
Financial concerns
Career problems
Unmet expectations
Communication breakdown
The highest the divorce rate has been in the United States is 41 percent
Title change: Consistency with text

26. When Relationships Falter
Coping with Failed Relationships
Recognize and acknowledge your feelings.
Find healthful ways to express your emotions.
Spend time with friends, both old and new.
Don’t rush into a “rebound” relationship.
Title change – consistency with text

27. ABC News Video: Jilted Brides Bounce Back
Discussion Questions
Which of the brides do you think had the healthiest reaction? What do you think is the best way to deal with a negative event such as being left at the altar?
In what ways does communication support a relationship? What happens when communication falters, and what are strategies that can be used to overcome communication problems?
Title change – consistency with text 27

28. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology
All eggs carry an X chromosome.
Sperm carry an X or a Y chromosome.
Sex hormones play a major role in puberty.
Male hormone—testosterone
Female hormone—estrogen, progesterone
Pituitary gland—gonadotropins
Secondary sex characteristics

29. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology
Recognition of oneself as a sexual being; a composite of biological sex characteristics, gender identity, gender roles and sexual orientation.
Intersexuality—not exhibiting exclusively male or female primary and secondary sex characteristics
Gender Identity
The psychological condition of being feminine or masculine as defined by the society in which one lives
Gender roles
Gender identity
Transgendered
Transsexual
Gender-role stereotyping
Androgyny

30. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology
Sexual Orientation
A person’s enduring emotional, romantic, sexual or affectionate attraction to other persons
Heterosexual
Homosexual
Bisexual
Sexual Prejudice
Sexual minorities are often targets of hate crimes, discrimination, and hostility
Why is sexual orientation controversial in our society?

31. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Female Sexuality Anatomy and Physiology
External Female Organs
Mons pubis—pad of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone
Labia majora—folds of skin and erectile tissue that enclose openings
Labia minora—folds of mucous membrane
Clitoris—female sexual organ, only known function is pleasure
Urethral opening—urine leaves the body
Hymen—a thin membrane that may cover the vagina in some women
Perineum—the area between the vulva and anus
Vaginal opening—opening to the vagina

32. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Female Sexuality Anatomy and Physiology
Internal Female Organs
Vagina—a tubular organ that serves as a passageway from the uterus to the outside of the female body
Uterus (womb)—hollow, muscular, and pear-shaped
The endometrium—inner lining of the uterus, either prepares the uterus for implantation or menstrual flow
Fallopian tubes—two thin tubes where sperm and egg meet extending from the uterus
Ovaries—almond-sized structures suspended on either side of the uterus that produce the female hormones

33. Female Reproductive System

34. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
The Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle
Hypothalamus
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone

35. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Menarche
First menstrual period
Generally starts between ages 9 and 17
Body fat influences onset of puberty.
Menstrual Cycle
Usually 28 days long
Proliferative, secretory, and menstrual phase
Menstrual Problems
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
Dysmenorrhea
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

36. Hormonal Control and Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

37. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Menopause
Permanent cessation of menstruation
Generally occurs between ages 40 and 60
Often accompanied by decreased vaginal lubrication, hot flashes, headaches, dizziness, and joint pain.
Onset symptoms can be ameliorated by hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Results from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) suggest that hormone therapy may actually do more harm than good.
It is important to find a doctor who specializes in women’s health.

38. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
External Genitals
Scrotum—protects the testes
Penis—deposits semen
Internal Genitals
Testes—manufacture testosterone
Epididymis—sperm ripen here
Vas deferens—stores and transfers sperm
Ejaculatory ducts—through which semen is ejaculated
Urethra—passes sperm and urine

39. Male Reproductive System
Figure 5.8

40. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Accessory Glands
Seminal vesicles—provide nutrients and fluids to semen
Prostate gland—provide fluids to semen
Cowper’s glands—secrete fluid that lubricates the urethra
Circumcision
Surgical removal of a fold of skin covering the end of the penis known as the foreskin
Decreased risk of urinary tract infections, penile cancer, and HIV

41. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Human Sexual Response
Excitement/arousal—vasocongestion
Plateau phase—nipples and penis erect
Orgasmic phase—muscles contract
Resolution phase—profound relaxation
Refractory period—genital organs return to their pre-arousal states

42. Expressing Your Sexuality
Sexual Behavior: What Is “Normal”?
Coital standard
Orgasmic standard
Two-person standard
Romantic standard
Safer sex standard

43. Expressing Your Sexuality
Options for Sexual Expression
Celibacy—avoidance or abstention from sex
Autoerotic behaviors—sexual fantasy and masturbation
Kissing and erotic touching—erogenous zones
Manual stimulation—use of sex toys
Oral-genital stimulation
Cunnilingus—oral stimulation of the female’s genitals
Fellatio—oral stimulation of the male’s genitals
Vaginal intercourse—insertion of the penis into the vagina
Anal intercourse—insertion of the penis into the anus

44. Expressing Your Sexuality
Variant Sexual Expression
Group sex
Transvestism
Fetishism
Exhibitionism
Voyeurism
Sadomasochism
Pedophilia
Autoerotic asphyxiation
How many of these variant behaviors have you heard of?

45. Types of Sexual Dysfunction

46. Responsible and Satisfying Sexual Behavior
Good communication as the foundation
Acknowledging that you are a sexual person
Understanding sexual structures and their functions
Accepting and embracing your gender identity and your sexual orientation

47. Drugs and Sex

48. Drugs and Sex Alcohol can inhibit sexual response
Increasing number of young men experimenting with the recreational use of drugs to treat erectile dysfunction
Viagra
Cialis
Levitra
“Date Rape” Drugs
Rohypnol (“roofies”)
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
Ketamine