1. Chapter 2 Patterns and Processes of World Tourism
Geography and Tourism
Chapter 2
Patterns and Processes of World Tourism

2. FACTORS CONTRIBUTIN TO TOURISM CHANGE
Societal Changes Due to Urbanization
The Industrial Revolution
Technological Advances in Transportation
Technological Advances in Communications
2 World Wars
Migration of Large Numbers of People

3. DEFINING TOURISM
1. Movement of people between two or more places (usually over 50 miles)

4. DEFINING TOURISM
2. Length of time of movement (temporary) (usually more than 24-hours)

5. DEFINING TOURISM
3. Purpose (not work, not student travel)

6. Leisure Time (definition)
1. Increased time free from actual labor

7. Leisure Time
2. In the 1850s a work week was about 70 hours, today it is just less than 40 hrs.

8. Leisure Time 3. Paid vacations are the norm
4. With 5-day work week, you get 104 weekend days for leisure, 10 regular holidays in U.S., and paid vacation of days, makes a total days a year for leisure time.

9. The Industrial Revolution showed us how to make more “stuff” in less time and thus provided us with more leisure time

10. Affluence
Pertains to the population gaining a good standard of living.
Sharp increase in real and disposable incomes
The average income today is
fifteen times higher than in 1927

11. Mobility
Henry Ford created the benchmark for increasing the general public’s mobility

12. Mobility
In 1900 there were only 8,000 cars in the U.S.

13. Mobility
by 2000, there were over 3 Trillion cars in the world

14. Mobility Affordable cars called for more roads
The more cars, the better air service got (jets) faster mobility

15. Historical Development of Travel and Tourism
Ancient Times: not much travel, time consuming, expensive, dangerous-Money was main factor, most travel was by waterways, no pavement, you walked mostly

16. Historical Development
Roman Era: great road builders, armies, expanded empire, made their own coins, developed the holiday (from Holy Day)

17. Early International Travel
Included the Grand Tour: 16th Century Renaissance, 2 or 3 years for sons of the wealthy, living in Germany, Low Countries, France and Florence to learn culture, traveled all over Europe, improved hospitality to get their $$$$

18. Early Travel
Seaside and mountain resorts became popular for wealth in the 1800s and early 1900s

19. New kinds of transportation, the Industrial Revolution and increased leisure time promoted tourism as society advanced in the late 1900s

20. Early National Patterns in the United States
“Itch Foot” syndrome: in America, the desire, the willingness to travel, see new sites, be on the move

21. 5th Amendment of the U.S. gives us the right to travel and could not be denied without due process
More travelers demanded more roads, then more trains, then more air planes

22. Early National Patterns in the United States
The West attracted tourist during the 1800s

23. Religious travel was a driving force in the early 1800s

24. Other attractions in the 1800s were
Resorts, cities, beaches, cultural landscapes
Scenic beauty, outdoor recreation, gambling, entertainment
The 1900s say the Industrial Revolution, and 2 World Wars that extended the same reasons to travel in the 1800s
Travel has now become as fundamental a part of American life as housing, food, and work

25. Current International Patterns of Tourism
International Tourism has increased steadily since the end of WWII
Tourism in less industrialized countries has increased and improved their economies

26. Current International Patterns of Tourism
European Nations have the largest number of tourists because of so many people close by and because they attract Americans because of historical ties

27. Mediterranean countries receive the most tourist because of money, climate, sun, sand, sea and cultural attractions

28. Seasonality
The strongest seasonal fluctuations of tourism is in Europe
North American is not as seasonal as Europe

29. Purpose of Visit Holidays are the major purpose for travel
70% of travel is due to holiday, world wide

30. Money in Tourism
The U.S., Germany and Japan are the leading spenders in the tourism industry

31. The United Kingdom, France and Italy follow

32. The United States is the Number 1 spender

33. SUMMARY The general impact of tourism is positive
Tourism has restored historical places, buildings, monuments etc.
Tourism has established parks and game reserves, saving the environment
Poorer countries have gained economically from tourism