1. History of Tourism

2. Early Beginnings 4000 BC – invention of money, trade
Sphinx in 2700 BC – Giza, Egypt-attracted people

3. 776 BC 1st Olympiad -start of sport tourism
300 BC Roman Empire grows, roads, military, trade
53,000 miles

4. Early beginnings – cont’d.
400 AD – Dark Ages – Roman empire collapses
AD – Silk road from Xian and African Slave route begins

5. 1096 – 1270 AD – Crusades in Holy Land- religious journey

6. More Milestones 1295 AD – Marco Polo writes on China
st passport
1347 – 1351 – Plague in Europe – loss of life leads to feudal system collapse

7. 1500 – Renaissance – art, “Grand Tour”, age of “enlightenment”.

8. Last 500 years
1700 – 1825 – Industrial Revolution, steam engines, rail, height of Grand Tour
1841 – Thomas Cook – first travel agency
1903 – Automobiles, Wright brothers

9. Early 1900’s = postcard craze “Wish you were here”

10. Last 100 years 1914–1919 – WWI Technology – air travel
1920’s – cottages in the Catskills, summer homes
1930 – 39 Great Depression, travel declines
WWII. Technology, nuclear age, Cold War.
Post WWII North America – Dawn of mass tourism. Tourism seen to rebuild Europe.
Baby Boomers are born.

11. Last 100 years 1940-1960 – factories, jobs, weekends off.
Money and time: middle class blossoms
1944 – Largest road systems are built in US, turnpike - roadside motels, services.
1950 – seaside seen as healthy, seaside resorts. Niagara Falls

12. Last 50 Years 1957 – Space Age, 1st. Jet plane
1950’s and 60’s. Cars, cars, cars in North America

13. 1960’s – package tours expansion in Mediterranean
1960’s – Costa del Sol – 6 million visitors in 1960 to 30 million in 1975
Sea, Sand, Sun and Sex. = Seashore exploitation

14. Last 50 years
1967 – Expo in Canada, Montreal

15. 1969 – on the moon!
1979 – Jumbo jets – mass tourism

16. 1980’s – mass tourism splinters, alternative forms of tourism (ecotourism, green tourism)

17. Last 50 years 1980’s Turkey enters tourism market
Expo in Vancouver
1990’s – Information age, business travel
2001 – World Trade Center attack
– Bombings in Bali, Jakarta
2003 – War in Iraq

18. Future People will continue to travel
Today, women make up the majority of tourists – especially in cultural sightseeing.
I.e. Office ladies from Japan

19. History of Camping 1920’s – known as “motor-hoboes”
1920’s Yosemite 65% visitors in private cars
1922 Mac’s Auto Camp in Santa Cruz
1930’s – trailers. By 1937, 100,000 trailers on the road
’s – explosion of camping
1980’s – close to 50 million campers in US
1950 – 60’s – breakthrough in Europe

20. Impacts of Tourism Economic
Advantages
Employment
Profits for hundreds of businesses
Revives depressed areas
Invisible export – source of foreign currency
Disadvantages
Inflation
Replaces traditional work

21. Cultural Impacts Advantages
Passport to peace thru understanding other people
Cultural interpretation
Preservation of culture
Disadvantages
Stereotyping of different nationalities

22. Environmental Impacts
Advantages
May help protect
Create awareness and appreciation
Sustainable development more important
Disadvantages
Pollution, noise, overuse
Use of sensitive areas

23. Social Impacts Advantages Education Freedom from local constraints
Disadvantages
Increased crime
Sex tourism
Resentment due to gap
Trinketization, demonstration effect, servile attitude

24. Questions??
The End