1. CLAUSE COMPLEXES

2. EXPANSIONANDPROJECTION

3. PRACTICE

4. Clause Complexes Analysis When analysing clause complexes, we take into account these guidelines: When analysing clause complexes, we take into account these guidelines:  List each clause vertically down the page, lettering each clause complex (A,B,C, etc.) and numbering each clause in the clause complex (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.)  Display analysis on the left-hand side of the text  Begin a new layer whenever there is a change in taxis or a change in logico- semantic relation.

5. o I have bought some beautiful tapestries and I think you will like them. o The match was cancelled, because it started to rain. o They advised me to emigrate, which is the last thing I’d do.

6. A i 1 I have bought some beautiful tapestries beautiful tapestries ii +2  and I think ii +2  and I think iii ‘  you will like them. iii ‘  you will like them. B i α The match was cancelled, ii xβ because it started to rain ii xβ because it started to rain C i  They advised me ii   to emigrate, ii   to emigrate, iii =β which is the last thing I’d do. iii =β which is the last thing I’d do.

7. o He said that he liked the place. o “I am a professional,” he answered angrily. o Alcoholic drinks are sold out to adults, i.e. they are sold to people over 18.

8. D i α He said ii “β that he liked the ii “β that he liked the place. place. E i “1 “I am a professional”, ii 2 he answered angrily. ii 2 he answered angrily. F i 1 Alcoholic drinks are sold out to adults, ii = 2 i.e. they are sold to people over 18. ii = 2 i.e. they are sold to people over 18.

9. o Take extra care when driving at night. o Several countries have signed the pact; specifically all the EC countries have done so. o “I am the person you are looking for,” he confessed.

10. G i  Take extra care ii xβ when driving at night. ii xβ when driving at night. H i 1 Several countries have signed the pact; ii =2 specifically all the EC countries have done so. ii =2 specifically all the EC countries have done so. I i “ 1 “I am the person you are looking for,” ii 2 he confessed. ii 2 he confessed.

11. o We should get through this job fairly soon; actually, there is very little left to do. o They spread the cloth on the grass and then began unpacking the picnic. o She wanted to know if he was comfortable in his room.

12. J i 1 We should get through this job fairly soon; ii = 2 actually, there is very little left to do. ii = 2 actually, there is very little left to do. K i 1 They spread the cloth on the grass ii x2 and then began unpacking the picnic. ii x2 and then began unpacking the picnic. L i α She wanted to know ii ‘β if he was comfortable in his room. ii ‘β if he was comfortable in his room.

13. o They decided not to go, which turned out to be a mistake. o Jane already speaks two foreign languages, whereas/while her brother hasn’t learned any. o He went to the station in a sort of dream, and was at home without realizing he had moved out of her street.

14. M i α They decided not to go, ii =  which turned out to be a mistake. ii =  which turned out to be a mistake. N i α Jane already speaks two foreign languages, ii +β whereas/while her brother hasn’t learned any. ii +β whereas/while her brother hasn’t learned any. O i 1 He went to the station in a sort of dream, in a sort of dream, ii +2  and was at home ii +2  and was at home iii x  without realizing iii x  without realizing iv ‘  he had moved out of iv ‘  he had moved out of her street. her street.

15. o It’s like going out with a child; she stops dead and refuses to go on. o Percival finished his whimper and went on playing, for the tears had washed the sand away. o “You know that you like them,”she said.

16. P i 1 It’s like going out with a child; ii =2 1 she stops dead ii =2 1 she stops dead iii +2 and refuses to go on. iii +2 and refuses to go on. Q i 1Percival finished his whimper ii +2and went on playing, ii +2and went on playing, iii x3for the tears had washed the sand away. iii x3for the tears had washed the sand away. R i “1  “You know ii ‘  that you like them,” ii ‘  that you like them,” iii 2 she said. iii 2 she said.

17. o They thought anything might happen if one came from London. o The minister glanced several times at his watch, so I took him aside and asked him to wait for half an hour.

18. S i  They thought ii ‘   anything might ii ‘   anything might happen happen iii x  if one came from iii x  if one came from London. London. T i 1 The minister glanced several glanced several times at his watch, times at his watch, ii x2 1 so I took him aside ii x2 1 so I took him aside iii +2  and asked him iii +2  and asked him iv “  to wait for half an iv “  to wait for half an hour. hour.