1. II. Government in Upper & Lower Canada- Constitutional Act, 1791
Copy Diagram- next page.

3. Government in Upper Canada
Governor-British appointed
Legislative Council- English-speaking merchants & land owners; friends of Governor; appointed not elected; veto power
Legislative Assembly- voted by citizens- (male property owners) government was representative
Two political parties dominated:
Family Compact- Wealthy British Tories (conservatives)
Reformers- Intellectuals & professionals

4. Government in Lower Canada
Governor-British appointed
Legislative Council- ALL English-speaking merchants and seigneurs; friends of Governor; appointed not elected; veto power
Legislative Assembly voted by citizens- representative government
Two political parties dominated- Chateau Clique, Parti Canadien (Parti Patriote)
Chateau Clique- Wealthy British and French who supported British rule; true power brokers
Parti Canadien- Wealthy and poor French; early separatists; intellectuals & professionals; unhappy with source of power

5. GOVERNMENT OF UPPER & LOWER CANADA- SUMMARY
Government of Lower Canada
Established by Constitutional act in 1791
Power limited by governors and councils
Members of legislative councils were voted in for life
English concerns were usually different from French concerns
The group with the most power was Chateau Clique
Believed that power should be in hands of a few capable people
Wanted the Roman Catholic church to stay power

6. GOVERNMENT OF UPPER & LOWER CANADA- SUMMARY
Government of Upper Canada
In 1830 government remained the same as the constitutional act in 1791
Two political groups the Tories and the Reformers
Appointed Legislative council to Executive council
Elected the Legislative Assembly
The group with the most power was the Family Compact

7. III. People, Way of Life, Concerns

8. PEOPLE OF LOWER CANADA? Lower Canada
Population increased from: in 1806 to in 1841 (under 3x’s)
Very high birth rates among French speaking population
In addition British and American immigrants settled the eastern townships that had been set aside for English speaking farmers
Britain, British rule and traditions were a direct threat to their cultural existence
Habitant: (French) tenant farmer; rent land; poor
Seigneur: (French) land owner; wealthy and powerful
Merchant: (English) business owner; fur & timber industry; wealthy and powerful
Professionals: (French & English) doctors, lawyers, etc.; middle class; seeking democracy

9. CONCERNS in Lower Canada
British merchants wanted to increase taxes for canals, harbors and roads for merchant use- few roads were built to help farmers
Increased immigration from Great Britain began to threaten French culture and language
1832, immigrant ship brought disease cholera, killed 5500
Legislative assembly(French-speaking) hard to make laws
1836- crops failed- Canadians face starvation
1837- economic depression- English merchants blamed

10. PEOPLE OF UPPER CANADA. Upper Canada
Before 1812 Loyalists- Pro British settled upper Canada
After 1812 a wave of settlers from great Great Britain Great Migration took their place- from Ireland, Wales, Scotland, England
Brought virtues of limiting absolute power and importance of parliament democracy in making decisions
Population increased from: in 1806 to in 1841 (almost 6x’s)
Pioneer homestead start from scratch and forced native inland – new farms evolved
Most inhabitants were subsistence farmers meaning they only farm for their family
Main towns- Kingston & York-was renamed Toronto
Need for transportation – roads, canals

11. CONCERNS in upper Canada
Responsible government was the major concern!
Continued immigration to increase the English presence in Canada
New immigrants from Great Britain bringing values of parliamentary democracy
Reduction in the role of Church of England in taxes and affairs
Reducing the power of values of traditionalism and conservatism
Stronger voice for Elected Assembly
Reduce voice for the Family Compact
No veto powers