1. Long and Short term effects of exercise

2. Short term effects
List as many short term effects of exercise/training on the body you can think of. Can they be grouped? (respiratory,circulatory)

3. Short term effects Circulatory Respiratory Skin colour changes
Blood moved to surface for heat reduction- Vasodilatation
Blood moved to working muscles
Heart rate increases
Stroke volume increases
Cardiac output increases
Water lost through sweat
Arteries widen to allow more blood through
Respiratory
Tidal volume increases
Breathing rate increases and becomes deeper- aerobic respiration
Blood flow to areas not in use is reduced
Muscles begin to fatigue
Gaseous exchange becomes more efficient as more alveoli are used.
Energy released- Glycogen in liver and muscles is released

4. Long term effects of Exercise/Training
List as many long term effects of exercise/training on the body you can think of. Can they be grouped? (respiratory, circulatory, muscular)
Can you also write down which method
of training might be best at bringing about this change?

5. Long term effects Circulatory Heart strengthen
Increase in heart wall size
Resting stroke volume increases
Resting Cardiac output increases
Resting heart rate decreases
Recovery rate is reduced
Decrease in blood pressure
Respiratory
Gaseous exchange becomes more efficient- increased ability to carry O2
Muscle fatigue happens later
Vital capacity is increased
Capillarisation of alveoli

6. Long term effects Muscles strength is increased –
Hypertrophy= Increase in muscle size because of exercise
Atrophy= Reduction in muscle size because of lack of exercise
Muscular endurance is increased
Increased tolerance of lactic acid
Body fat % is reduced
Reduced likelihood of respiratory problems
Reduced likelihood of heart disease
Increase in tendon ligament and bone strength.