2. Governing the Empire

3. John Peter Zenger A Cause of Liberty Zenger – printer of the New York Weekly prints story critical of royal governor Arrested, 10 months in prison, before and during his trial, defended by a former indentured servant, Andrew Hamilton, freedom of press was vital to the freedom of man Colonial jury finds him not guilty Verdict will encourage papers to print political viewpoints Account of Zenger Trial

4. Mercantilism Economic theory Nations should become wealthy by acquiring gold and silver Colonial possessions needed to supply raw materials Colonies also provide a market for exported goods Governing the Empire

5. Navigation Acts Parliamentary Acts that placed restrictions on colonial trade Goods must be shipped in English vessels Goods destined for Europe must go to England first for tax purposes Enumerated goods can only be shipped to England Colonial manufacturing restricted Imports exceed exports

6. Movie Up!!!!!!!!

7. Think About It!!!!! “A wise owner doesn't disembowel the goose that lays the golden egg” Relate this statement to British colonial policy

8. Writs of Assistance 1761 General search warrant for smuggled goods No court orders needed Colonial leader James Otis, questions British authority in court Coins the phrase “No taxation without representation”

9. Otis argues “If heaven I cannot bend, then hell I’ll stir” Virgil British attempt to enforce tax laws Homes and warehouses could be searched Merchants challenge legality of writs “A man’s house is his castle” Which is more important, protecting the liberty of an individual or collecting the taxes efficiently?”

10. The Verdict Otis lost the case the writs of assistance were renewed few officials in the future were willing to employing the orders

11. George Grenville Prime Minister of England 140 million pound debt – half from the French & Indian War Orders enforcement of Navigation Acts

12. Sugar Act - 1764 First revenue tax on Colonials Enforced and raised the duties on sugar, molasses, and other products to pay for garrison of British troops Hurt triangular trade Protests take place England lowers tax

13. Quartering Act 1765 Colonists required to provide food and lodging Colonists don’t comply Expired in 1770

14. Stamp Act - 1765 Direct Tax on documents at time of sale: newspapers, licenses, playing cards, marriage licenses, bills of lading, diplomas

15. American Reactions What was the British army for? Legislation & Taxation are different things Stamp Act Congress, NYC 1766 One more step to unity Non-importation agreements Sons/Daughters of Liberty protest

16. Non Importation Agreement Boycott of British goods Colonial strategy is to hit British in the pocketbook nerve Stamp agents resign English reaction – merchants lose money Parliament repeals Stamp Act in 1766 Passes Declaratory Act – have the right to make laws for the colonies Colonists gaining momentum

17. Champagne Charles Townshend British minister of the Exchequer “pluck the feathers from the colonial goose”

18. The Townshend Acts Import duty on articles of everyday use: glass, paint, lead, paper, tea Tax collected at port of entry – Indirect tax Tax would pay salaries of Royal governors & judges Colonists return to non-importation agreements More smuggling British send troops to Boston

19. The Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 Colonial Mob in confrontation w/ British sentry at the Customs House 11 killed and wounded Crispus Attucks among the dead Incident used for propaganda John Adams will defend British soldiers Involved in shooting Two will be branded as punishment

20. Eyewitness Account

21. The Committees of Correspondence 1772 Formed by Sam Adams & James Otis Share information between colonies Keep the fire of liberty burning Forerunner to 1 st American Congress Sam Adams

22. The Tea Act British attempt to save British East India Company Parliament lowers price on BEIC tea, with tax their tea is the cheapest Colonists refuse to buy tea due to tax

23. The Boston Tea Party 1773 December 16, 1773 Violent protest over the Tea Tax Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawks destroy 342 chests of British Tea Boston Harbor is closed with the Intolerable Acts

24. Boston Tea Party

25. Cohansey Tea Party

26. Intolerable Acts - 1774 British reaction to Boston Tea Party Closed port of Boston Revoked Massachusetts charter Colonial trials to be held in London New Quartering Act Continental Congress – Philadelphia 1774 Need to help Massachusetts The Association – Complete Boycott

27. Quebec Act - 1774 To maintain allegiance of former French colonists Allowed French to practice Catholicism Border to be the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers Keep old customs and Institutions No elected assemblies or trial by jury Colonists outraged Set precedents against freedoms – jury trial and elected assemblies Loss of land west of the Appalachians Aroused anti-Catholic sentiment

28. First Continental Congress 56 men w/ various viewpoints meet in Philadelphia Protesting Intolerable Acts Express loyalty to England Wont follow all English laws

29. Congress con’t. Colonial boycott will continue Call for armed militias/minutemen Issue the Declaration of Resolves Agree to meet again King George III – “colonies are in a state of rebellion” The Avalon Project : Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental CongressThe Avalon Project : Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress

30. Patrick Henry Richard Henry Lee John Adams George Washington John Hancock

31. PATRICK HENRY STATESMAN FROM VIRGINIA March 23,1775

32. The Shot Heard Around the World Lexington and Concord Paul Revere, William Dawes & Samuel Prescott make a “Midnight Ride” British are coming Minutemen make ready

33. Blood is Spilled, April 19, 1775 British will attempt to seize colonial war materials & arrest Sam Adams & John Hancock On Lexington Green 70 minutemen meet 700 British regulars Colonists are ordered from the “King’s Green” Gun fire erupts

34. The March to Concord  Eight colonist die at Lexington  British move on to Concord  Destroy colonial supplies  4,000 minutemen materialize  British return to Boston  Colonists use guerilla warfare to kill and wound over 300 British soldiers

35. The Retreat