2. “Texas, Texas” “Who has Texas?” ?

3. Think back to when you were in first or second grade. Did you ever play the game “Button, Button… Who has the Button”?

4. The object of the game was to pass a button around a circle of people... and then try to guess who was holding the button. until someone said “stop”...

5. Early in Texas history, different people were playing a similar game that could have been called... Texas was passed from country to country, and many individuals claimed parts of Texas as their own.

6. Fill in Part 1 of your student activity sheet as the significant individuals are discussed in the following slides.

7. Here is how “Texas, Texas… Who Has Texas?” was played. By 1800, Spain owned most of the American Southwest including Texas.

8. People seeking adventure began coming to Spanish Texas. Some of these adventurers came for profit, others came to establish independent states. These adventure-seekers were called filibusters.

9. Philip Nolan filibuster In 1800, Philip Nolan, perhaps the most famous filibuster, came to Texas to catch and sell wild mustangs. Many others followed suit. filibusters The Spanish were suspicious of many people, and they thought that all filibusters were trying to make Texas part of the U.S.

10. James Long Spain was suspicious of some people such as James Long. Long came to Texas, captured Nacogdoches, and claimed Texas as a free and independent state. filibuster Eventually, the term filibuster became synonymous with a trouble maker who wanted to start rebellion.

11. Philip NolanJames Long filibusters Both Philip Nolan and James Long were executed by the Spanish government because of the fear that the filibusters wanted to take Texas away from Spain.

12. Jane Long Jane Long, James’s wife, learned of his death while living on Point Bolivar near Galveston. She was left alone with a young daughter and servant. Mrs. Long endured severe weather, scarce food, and the threat of attack from Native Americans and Spanish soldiers. At one point she used a small cannon to frighten away some Karankawa Indians.

13. Later, Jane traveled to Mexico to investigate her husband’s death. Jane Long’s Jane Long’s bravery and independent spirit has earned her the nickname “Mother of Texas.” She eventually returned to Texas where she bought land and became a successful business woman.

14. To make our “Pass Texas” game more complicated, Mexicans living in New Spain had been pushing for independence. Father Miguel Hidalgo Father Miguel Hidalgo called for Mexico’s independence from Spain.

15. Father Hidalgo Father Hidalgo was executed by the Spanish government, and Spain exercised tighter control of its land. But, people began to see the cracks in Spanish control.

16. Gutierrez-Magee Expedition One of Hidalgo’s supporters, Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara, and a former U.S. soldier, Augustus Magee, decided to invade Texas and free it from Spanish rule. Their effort became known as the Gutierrez-Magee Expedition. They raised an army of 800 and successfully defeated the Spanish over a period of a few months.

17. Eventually the larger Spanish army defeated the Republican army and restored control over Texas. The expedition members established an independent state, but could not agree on how to run the government.

18. Moses Austin In 1820 Moses Austin met with Governor Martinez of Spain to request permission to establish a colony in Texas. Moses was given permission to settle three hundred families in Texas. There were other means of owning a piece of Spanish Texas besides rebellion. Land Grant

19. The new land grant was the fertile farmland between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers.

20. Moses Austin Moses Austin paved the way for Anglo American colonization of Texas. However, he died in 1821, before his dream to colonize Texas was realized. His dying wish was that his son, Stephen, fulfill his vision to colonize Texas.

21. Stephen F. Austin Stephen F. Austin was given permission to colonize, and thus the first Anglo Americans came to Texas. They felt like part of Texas belonged to them since they had permission to settle and had purchased land.

22. Just as Austin was making headway in establishing his colony, he learned that Mexico had finally won independence from Spain. His land grant was no longer valid in the new government, so he traveled to Mexico City and asked the new government of Mexico for permission to colonize.

23. empresario It took a year, but eventually Austin was given the title of empresario. empresario An empresario was someone who arranged business deals including the buying and selling of land. Empresario Stephen F. Austin

24. Austin’s colony began to flourish. By 1830, over 200 people lived in the capital of the colony, San Felipe de Austin. Old Three Hundred The original three hundred families to settle in Austin's colony became known as the Old Three Hundred.

25. empresarios Austin’s colony was very successful. Other businessmen became empresarios and settled more families on their own land grants around Austin’s colony.

26. We have now seen three flags fly over Texas, and various individuals make claims to the land. Let’s review the progression of the Texas “button”.

27. SpainFrance First, both Spain and France had claims to Texas during the years of exploration from the late 1500’s through the late 1600’s. France had claims in East Texas. Spain had claims to the American Southwest, which included most of Texas.

28. Eventually, Spain claimed most of the Americas including all of Texas. France no longer had claims on America with the sale of the Louisiana Purchase (1803) to the US.

29. filibusters Meanwhile, adventurous individuals called filibusters tried to take parts of Texas and create independent states. James Long Philip Nolan Guiterrez-Magee Expedition

30. Empresarios Empresarios such as Stephen F. Austin were given land grants to settle Texas. Land Grant

31. Eventually, Mexico won independence from Spain. So by 1821, three flags had flown over Texas- just three more to go! Spain Mexico France

32. Complete Part 2, section A of your student activity sheet.

33. Part 2 section B: Create a timeline of the colonization of Texas. Part 2 section B: Create a timeline of the colonization of Texas. 1. Evenly space the dates on your timeline. Make the dates equal number of years apart. 18001805181018151820 Notice the events are by five years. They could be by two or ten, just as long as they are even.

34. 2. Place the events that have a “*” on your timeline. 3. Look at the timeline on page 162-163. Notice that the events on the timeline are both above and below the line to make it appear neat. The correct date is placed at the correct spot on the timeline. Months are used when known. The items are written in a very brief format.

35. The Anglo American colonization of Texas was well under way. However, with colonization came conflict between the Mexican government and the colonists.

36. What do you think will be sources of conflict between these two groups?

37. “Texas, Texas” “Who has Texas?” ?