1. From Republic to Empire: Rome

2. Document Based Question 1.Thesis (1) - Needs to present an argument, something to prove. 2. Documents (1) - 7 out of 8 used, and interpreted. 3. Documents and Thesis (2) - 7 out of 8 show relevance to Thesis 4. Groupings (1) - 3 groupings for Credit 5. Point of View (1) - Two documents must include POV/Bias 6. Outside Source (1)

3. Agenda 1.Bell Ringer: Is written law necessary? Explain 2.Finish Hellenism 3.The Roman Republic and Empire: A Brief Look 4.Crash Course: Roman Republic 5.Classic Civilization Map 6.Document Based Question, question session. 7.HW: Scan Chapter 5, Small comparative essay on Rome and Han China or Persia next class.

4. A Republic Decline begins through greed and oppression. Gracchi brothers work for the poor, and the prosperous Senators kill them. Revolts plague Rome through 45 BCE – Spartacus and the slaves revolt 71 BCE Violence Replaces Respect for law. – Armies trust Generals more than government.

5. Caesar and the end of the Republic Julius Caesar takes power, marching on Rome and becoming dictator in 46 BCE. – He increases Senate to 900 members, and reduced their power. Conspiracy forms against his power – Assassinated 44 BCE Octavian takes over, and eliminates Antony and Cleopatra. Sole Emperor of the Roman Empire.

6. Roman Empire Octavian becomes Augustus. He leads empire into the Pax Romana, the Roman Peace. Why an empire? – Now authority to govern provinces was given to the emperor. – Emperor reigns supreme.

7. Pax Romana Supported beneficial domestic policies. Treated ruling classes with respect. Capable Men chosen to succeed the prior Emperor. Imperial Officials controlled the government. Population rivaling Han China by 2 nd Century CE. (50 million)

8. Culture and Society Rome took ideas from Greece. – Columns, Rectangular forms. Excelled in arches and domed structures. – Aqueducts, Colesseum Realistic Frescoes adorned walls of wealthy citizens.

9. Civil Law Twelve Tables created during the Republic. – Adapted into a code of Civil Law. – Added law of nations to deal with foreign conquests. Standards of Justice – Innocent until proven guilty. – Allowed a defense Universal laws based on reason.

10. The Late Empire Crisis – Empire becomes too large – Military dictators take over, most of which meet a violent death. Inflation causes monetary issues. – Couldn’t pay or enlist more soldiers, end up hiring Germans to fight under Roman Commanders.

11. Division Diocletian 284 A.D. – 305 A.D. Empire too large for one person. Co-Emperor for Western half. Government controlled everything. Succession Rule.

12. Constantine and End of Empire