1. Roman Republic to Roman Empire Working class Wealthy Consul Senate Assembly Shopkeepers landowners Ran govt made laws elect consuls Artisans Ruling class Led army spending watch out Citizen Citizen Veto taxes rights of Right to vote Right to vote foreign policy commoners Pay tax Less Status Hold public No public office office 2 social classes:3 part government : tripartite Complain – no power Went on strike Eventually – elect tribunes l plebeianspatricians

2. Roman Republic to Roman Empire 2 social classes3 part government : tripartite plebeianspatricians Plebeians Patricians

3. Roman Law: 12 Tables Principles of Justice Innocent until proven guilty Defend self before judge Judge must look at evidence “the rule of the law” = All equal under the law All treated equally The Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage 1.Fought over Sicily Rome won 2.Hannibal attacks with elephants… Rome wins in Carthage 3. Rome burned Carthage.

4. Roman Law: _____ Tables Principles of Justice The Punic Wars: _______ vs. _________ 1. 2. 3.

5. Troubles in Republic: Rich take land Poor revolt Reformers try to bring change Julius Caesar rose to power: Citizenship to territories New colonies Create jobs Hired freed workers Rome Becomes an Empire: Julius Caesar killed Octavian -> Augustus Caesar Made himself dictator for life= first emperor Pax Romana 200 years of peace in Roman Empire Prosperity Professional army Praetorian Guard Conquered Britain Rome rebuilt Art flourished Imported grain to feed poor Governors in provinces Reformed taxes Civil war

6. Troubles in the Republic: Rome Becomes an Empire Pax Romana

7. Emperors Thumbs UP Claudius – added Britain Vespasian – stability Titus – built Coliseum Trajan – empire reached greatest extent Hadrian – traveled to all provinces Marcus Aurelius – financial shortages; end of Pax Romana Thumbs DOWN Nero – “reign of terror” killed senators blamed Christians Domitian - own body guard killed him Commodus – eccentric Severus – soldier emperors GREED, economy collapsed

8. Emperors Thumbs UPThumbs DOWN

9. Emperors’ characteristics + Loyal to people Organized Gained territory Tried to have stability Cooperated with Senate Optimistic, honest Strong military - Neglected government Killed leadership Put down opposition Strict, selfish, greedy Liked bloodshed Own pleasure Lost interest in public affairs Wanted total control

10. Emperors’ characteristics + -

11. Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire