1. FACTORS AFFECTING FITNESS PHYSICAL DIFFERENCES

2. BODY TYPES - SOMATOTYPES ECTOMORPHENDOMORPHMESOMORPH Tall and thin Round! Muscular / athletic

3. Ectomorph Slightly built, narrow hips and shoulders, long limbs, tall.

4. Endomorph Narrow shoulders, broad hips, carry weight on waist, hips and thighs

5. Mesomorph Broad shoulders, narrow hips, muscular

6. Very few people are pure ecto, endo or meso morphs. We are usually a bit more of one or two types than of the other. We can give a score out of 7 for each one (in the order endo/meso/ecto), so someone who was fairly tall and athletic might have a score of 1/7/4

7. Are somatotypes a positive factor in success in certain sports? EndomorphMesomorphEctomorph Sumo wrestler 100m sprinter High jumper

8. Height Clearly an advantage in some games But a disadvantage in others

9. Weight Also clearly an advantage in some sports But not in others

10. Weight and health Being overweight can lead to health problems: Heart attacks Strokes High blood pressure We can use weight/height guidelines, but percentage body fat is more reliable (no more than 20% of bodyweight for men)

11. Age Muscles lose capacity for endurance and strength We lose flexibility Bones become more brittle Reaction speed and limb speed also reduce But, all of these effects can be reduced/slowed by continuing to take part in physical activity.

12. Gender Men Naturally more muscular (strength, explosive power, speed) Women On average 30% greater fat content (helps muscular endurance) Social attitudes more important influence on participation than physical differences

13. Disability Modern technology now makes participation more possible Athletes with disabilities can train and perform to a very high standard