1. Body types
Optimum weight
Weight-related conditions
Performance enhancing drugs
Recreational drugs
Risk assessment & injury prevention

2. Different Body Types Somatotypes (body build/physique)
Measurements taken from height, weight, bone size, muscle girth and fat
Endomorph (Mr Roberts!)
Mesomorph (Mr Haycock!)
Ectomorph (Mr Bidgood!)
Certain body types are particularly suited to different sports! 2

3. Different Body Types Endomorph
Characteristics: Fatness, round body shape, large build.
Effect on sport: often not suited to endurance events, most commonly found in events requiring large body mass and strength, such as sumo. 3

4. Different Body Types Mesomorph
Characteristics: muscular, broad shoulders, triangular body shape
Effect on sport: Most sportsmen are mesomrophs as most sports require strength and power. Strongmen and sprinters are good examples. 4

5. Different Body Types Ectomorph
Characteristics: Thin, lean, low body fat levels
Effect on sport: often found competing in endurance events such as the marathon and sports requiring a light body such as jockey 5

6. Optimum Weight Factors affecting optimum weight: Height Gender
Bone Structure
Muscle Girth
Genetics 6

7. Optimum weight in sport
Varies widely according to the sport; rugby and horseracing, for example, have quite different requirements.
A forward in rugby; need muscular strength & power, so large muscle girth.
A jockey; short with small bone structure & minimum amount of muscle.
Some people need to lose weight to reach their optimum weight (e.g. boxing) 7

8. Weight-related conditions
Anorexic – a prolonged eating disorder due to the loss of appetite and a desire to not become overfat or obese/desire to become thin.
Underweight – weighing less than is normal, healthy or required.
Overweight - having weight in excess of normal. Not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness
Overfat – having too much body
composition as fat
Obese –describes people who are very overfat. 8

9. Performance Enhancing Drugs
ANABOLIC STEROIDS
BETA BLOCKERS
DIURETICS
NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
STIMULANTS
PEPTIDE HORMONES 9

10. Performance Enhancing Drugs
ANABOLIC STEROIDS: Increase muscle mass & develop bone growth
BETA BLOCKERS: Help maintain a low HR and lower b.p
DIURETICS: To increase the amount of urine production 10

11. Performance Enhancing Drugs
NARCOTIC ANALGESICS: They give relief from painful injuries
STIMULANTS: They increase alertness
PEPTIDE HORMONES: Same as Anabolic Steroids, specific hormone EPO increases red blood cell production. 11

12. Recreational Drugs
Smoking – Damages heart and lungs and raises blood pressure, increased risk of cancer, heart disease
Reduces bodies ability to carry oxygen so performers suffer from fatigue and loss of breath more easily.
Alcohol – Can cause damage to the liver and brain cells and increase likelihood of dehydration
It may affect performance by impairing judgments, slowing reaction times and causing dehydration, it is commonly used as a sedative in sports such as archery to improve performance. 12

13. Risk assessment & prevention of injury
How can we make activities safe?
Warming up/cooling down
Checking equipment & facilities
Protective equipment & clothing
Appropriate footwear
Balanced competition – (weight categories/mixed or single sex/age/handicap system)
Playing to the rules of competition 13