1. Ecology: the study of interrelationships between organisms and their environment Basic unit studied: the organism! Abiotic = nonliving (air, water, soil) Biotic = living (plants and animals) Ecology is part of biology (the study of ___?) LIFE! (Bio = life)

2. Ecology: the study of interrelationships between organisms and their environment Ecology means the study of home Eco is also in economics How are ecology and economics similar?? Benefit – cost = $$ in economics Benefit – cost = survival in ecology (for the organism!)

3. Levels of organization Subatomic particles atoms moleculesorganelles cells tissues organs Organ systems Multicellular ORGANISM! populationcommunityecosystem biosphere

4. Levels of organization Subatomic particles atoms moleculesorganelles cells tissues organs Organ systems Multicellular ORGANISM! populationcommunityecosystem biosphere Smallest living unit

5. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells ProkaryoticEukaryotic Primitivemodern Simplecomplex DNA is in nucleiod regionDNA is in nucleus No membrane boundmembrane boundorganelles Smaller Larger

6. Prokaryotic Cell

7. Eukaryotic Cell

8. 6 kingdoms Archae: single-celled, prokaryotic, extreme environments, look like bacteria Bacteria (Eubacteria): true bacteria, single-celled, prokaryotic, includes E. coli Protista: single-celled plants and animals, eukaryotic, includes Paramecium (pond water organisms) Fungi: multicellular, eukaryotic, chemotrophs, decompsers, includes: yeasts, molds and mushrooms Plantae: multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophs (photosynthesis), includes: grass, shrubs, trees Animalia: multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs, motile, includes: you!

9. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells ProkaryoticEukaryotic Primitivemodern Simplecomplex DNA is in nucleiod regionDNA is in nucleus No membrane boundmembrane boundorganelles Smaller Larger Bacteria, ArchaeProtists, Fungi, Plants Animals

10. Taxonomy Linnaeus/binomial name (Genus species) Humans = Homo sapiens Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Homology = similarity in structure due to a common ancestor Analogy = similarity in function not due to a common ancestor DNA comparison

11. Homologous Structures

12. Let’s play: Which is more closely related? BAT, BIRD, DOG?? BAT & BIRD? BAT & DOG? DOG & BIRD? BAT & DOG!! WHY?? THEY ARE BOTH MAMMALS (fur and teeth)

13. Schools of Taxonomy Phenetics: looks for similarity and differences whether homology or analogy Phylogenetics/systematics: use homologies to map evolutionary relationship Phylogenetic tree: series of branches

15. Energy flow: Food Chain Grass (producer) Mouse (herbivore) Snake (primary carnivore) Hawk (secondary carnivore) Should this be drawn in a line as above or another shape???

16. Energy pyramid

17. What did we leave out?? Grass (producer) Mouse (herbivore) Snake (primary carnivore) Hawk (secondary carnivore) Decomposers (detritivores) = the recyclers!!!